RHAB 397 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide From Crunk to Drunk Most Common Psychoactive Substances SUBSTANCE EFFECTS Alcohol liquor beer wine euphoria stimulation relaxation lower inhibitions Cannabinoids marijuana hashish euphoria relaxations slowed reaction time distorte Opioids heroin opium many pain meds euphoria drowsiness sedation Stimulants cocaine methamphetamine exhilaration energy Club Drugs MDMA Ecstasy GHB hallucinations tactile sensitivity lowered inhi Dissociative Drugs Ketamine PCP DXM feel separated from body delirium impaired moto Hallucinogens LSD Mescaline hallucinations altered perception Designer Drugs Easily available on the street or retail outlets Tend to be cheap usually 20 or less Intense and quick effects that can last anywhere from 15 minutes to several hours Undetectable using standard drug test Strong perception that they are safer than other drugs Effects of K2 work just like marijuana Appetite Mood Memory Pain Sensation Habit forming slightly addictive and can cause hallucinations severe agitation elevated heart rate elevated blood pressure red eyes mood alteration paranoia What are Bath Salts MDPV is structurally related to cathinone an active alkaloid found in the khat plant which is illegal in the United States Mephedrone and MDPV are stimulants that act much like Methamphetamine and Cocaine but produce the added effect of hallucinations Crunk and Purple Drank mixing cough syrup with either alcohol or non alcoholic beverages Purple Drank uses codeine promethazine cough syrup and is usually mixed with Sprite or Mountain Dew and produces a purple color Taming the Addicted Brain Dysregulation continued exposure of the pleasure system or mesolimbic dopamine system MDS pathways to a drug leads to changes adaptations in nerve function Pre frontal Cortex mythological location of addiction located in the midbrain Addiction Chemical dependence is a chronic progressive brain based disease Addiction disables the system that is designed to protect the person from the addiction Stages Of Recovery Withdrawal Honeymoon Rebound The Wall 45 to 75 days 90 Day Final clearing of the drug s influence 120 Days body is clear of most drug residual Post Acute Withdrawal First Year risk management Second Year completes post acute withdrawal Motivational Interviewing Motivational Interviewing is a client centered directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence Methods EMPATHY ACCEPTANCE FACILITATES CHANGE NON JUDGMENTAL NO BLAMING NECESSITATES UNDERSTANDING THAT ADDICTION IS NOT A MORAL FAILURE OR WEAKNESS OF CHARACTER UNDERSTOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF HOW PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE WAS TRIGGERED DISCREPANCY CLIENT SHOULD PRESENT THE ARGUMENTS FOR CHANGE CHANGE IS MOTIVATED BY A PERCEIVED DISCREPANCY BETWEEN CURRENT BEHAVIOR AND IMPORTANT PERSONAL GOALS OR VALUES ROLL WITH RESISTANCE AVOID ARGUING FOR CHANGE AS A PERSON ARGUES ON BEHALF OF ONE POSITION HE OR SHE BECOMES MORE COMMITTED TO IT RESISTANCE IS NOT DIRECTLY OPPOSED NEW PERSPECTIVES ARE INVITED BUT NOT IMPOSED RESISTANCE IS A SIGNAL TO THE THERAPIST TO RESPOND DIFFERENTLY SUPPORT SELF EFFICACY PERSON S BELIEF IN THE POSSIBILITY OF CHANGE VERY IMPORTANT CLIENT NOT CLINICIAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHOOSING AND CARRYING OUT CHANGE COUNSELORS OWN BELIEF IN PERSON S ABILITY TO CHANGE HAS A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE SELFFULFILLING PROPHECY Methods to Avoid Expert trap clinician controls session patient responds with short answers Moves patients to passive role Series of open ended questions avoid asking three questions in a row without adequate number of reflections per question Taking sides elicits no problem oppositional arguments from patient Premature focus directing patient away from their most pressing concerns doesn t mean you cannot return particularly if patient is attempting to de focus on an uncomfortable topic Blaming trap be especially careful when tired less apt to be empathic Cross Addictions Addicted to two or more drugs or one two or more drugs and behavioral addiction