DOC PREVIEW
UNT RHAB 3975 - Exam 1 Study Guide
Type Study Guide
Pages 9

This preview shows page 1-2-3 out of 9 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 9 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 9 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 9 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 9 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

RHAB 3975 1st EditionExam # 1 Study GuideCentral Nervous System (CNS) Depressants ALCOHOL  Central nervous system depressant that is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream  Stimulant and depressant effects Hard to limit intake even in non-addicts Impacts neurotransmitters: Dopamine, Serotonin, GABA (benzos), Glutamate, & endorphin (opiate receptors)  Decreases ability to inhibit impulses, judgment (sex, driving, internal filter), can decreaseaccess to PFC functions.  Attention, alertness, impacted even at low dosages Increases aggression, sexual desire, emotionality • Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is an intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine, and liquor. Alcohol is produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches. – A standard drink equals 0.6 ounces of pure ethanol, or 12 ounces of beer; 8 ounces of malt liquor; 5 ounces of wine; or 1.5 ounces (a "shot") of 80-proof distilled spirits – 12 fluid ounces of beer (about 5% alcohol) – • 8 to 9 fluid ounces of malt liquor (about 7% alcohol) – • 5 fluid ounces of table wine (about 12% alcohol) – • Plan to drive a vehicle or operate machinery – • 1.5 fluid ounces of hard liquor (about 40% alcohol) • risksInjuries. Drinking too much increases your chances of being injured or even killed. Health problems. Heavy drinkers have a greater risk of liver disease, heart disease, sleepdisorders, depression, stroke, bleeding from the stomach, sexually transmitted infectionsfrom unsafe sex, and several types of cancer Birth defects. Drinking during pregnancy can cause brain damage and other serious problems in the baby. Alcohol use disorders. known as alcoholism and alcohol abusePOTENTIAL PHYSICAL EFFECTS • Brain:Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination. • Heart:Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing problems:• Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle• Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat• Stroke• High blood pressure Liver:Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including:• Steatosis, or fatty liver• Alcoholic hepatitis• Fibrosis• Cirrhosis • POTENTIAL PHYSICAL EFFECTS • Pancreas:Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper digestion.• Cancer:Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of developing certain cancers, including cancers of the:• Mouth• Esophagus• Throat• Liver• Breast• Impacts many neurotransmitters – GABA - Judgment, inhibition – Dopamine - reward seeking– Endorphins – sense of bliss, well-being – Serotonin – serenity– Glutamate (esp. NMDA) – learning Blackouts: long term memories of drinking episode lost although drinker is conscious & mobile• Binge drinking• Alcohol Poisoning = overdose (Delirium Tremens)• More common than alcoholism esp. in young adults• Impacts brain development– Smaller hippocampus & lower brain activity  Women get a higher Blood level faster due to: Fat content Body size Hormones Stomach enzymes Fetal alcohol Syndrome/Effects Brain Damage Central nervous system dysfunctions Lowered IQ  Poor motor skills & hand-eye coordination Behavioral & learning problems• Heroin, Cheese, Black Tar, Prep for IV• OPIOIDS: SYNTHETIC OPIATES • Vicodin to heroin • Vital to medicine.• Current epidemic is PAINPILL abuse! • OPIATES Oxycontin, Morphine, Vicodin/Hydrocodone• OPIOIDS: SYNTHETIC OPIATES • Opioids include:• Fentanyl • Hydrocodone • Oxycodone • Oxymorphone• Propoxyphene • Hydromorphone • Meperidine • Diphenoxylate HEROIN (1874)• White powder or black (brown) tar • Snorted, injected or smoked; High = 4-6 hrs Symptoms:• Appetite/digestion slowed digestion • Histamine release (runny nose, itching) • Small pupils, slow response to light WITHDRAWAL• Stage 1: 6-8 hrs after last fix• Yawning, sweating, runny nose/eyes, anxiety, then insomnia, aches, irritability • Stage 2: 18 - 24 hrs – Fever, vital signs increase, nausea, vomiting, cramps• STAGE 3: 24 -36 hrs – Explosive diarrhea > dehydration• DEPENDENCE VS. ADDICTION• Physical dependence is a normal adaptation to chronic exposure to a drug and is not the same as addiction • Someone who is physically dependent on a medication will experience withdrawal symptoms when use of the drug is abruptly reduced or stopped. • Dependence is often accompanied by tolerance, or the need to take higher doses of a medication to get the same effect. • Severity of Withdrawal Symptoms predicted by– 1. Dosage – 2. Frequency of Use– 3. User expectations– 4. Set & SettingPharmaceutical Therapeutics:• METHODONE Blocks other opiates - agonist , addictive, synthetic opiate• Naltrexone is an AntagonistBenzodiazepines  Often prescribed for sleep and anxiety issues Tissue Dependence in 6-10 weeks Synergy with alcohol, opiates  Withdrawal dangerous Xanax (x bars), Valium etc • BENZODIAZEPINESCNS Depressants • CNS depressants act on the brain by affecting the neurotransmitter gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA). Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that facilitate communication between brain cells. Benzodiazepines: Xanax (x bars), Valium, Klonipin etc  Rx most often for anxiety and/or sleep related difficulties  Tissue Dependence in 6-10 weeks Withdrawal dangerous—can be life threatening  Synergy with alcohol, opiates  Rohypnol-Main Date Rape Drug Also used to enhance the effects of opiates. Muscle relaxant & amnesiac  Tasteless, odorless, easily dissolved w/carbonationThe Main Date Rape DrugTasteless, odorless, easily dissolved w/carbonation• Recreationally used to synergize opiates, alcohol• Schedule I in U.S.• A “super’ benzodiazepine • GHB: Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate “Liquid Ecstasy”, Home Boy, Blue Nitro Popular w/body builders for steroid like effects Recreational dose is very close to OD level OD, coma, death rape etc especially when used with alcohol COCAINE  White powder


View Full Document

UNT RHAB 3975 - Exam 1 Study Guide

Type: Study Guide
Pages: 9
Documents in this Course
Load more
Download Exam 1 Study Guide
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Exam 1 Study Guide and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Exam 1 Study Guide 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?