REL 137g 1st Edition Lecture 6 Current Lecture Sunna vs Hadith Sunna A way of doing that others follow and therefore make legitimate Cumulative nature that become normative Hadith Simply records what the Prophet said or did How justified is assuming that just because the Prophet said did something it should be a norm What if it was just a casual act The Prophet said x Hadith does not say that he meant for x to become a norm Results in disagreement amongst scholars Does Hadith equal Sunna or not Successors who wanted to determine what should be taken as normative Malik Abu Hanifa Successors who determined that all is Sunna had no right to make judgments otherwise Al Shafii Ibn Hanbal Formal collection of Hadith in the third generation of successors To systematize a pre existing practice The 6 books create this collection The expansion throughout the generations of successors also comes with geographical expansion Through Middle East and different politics Caliph Chief administrator of community But understood to not have as infallible understanding of the religion as Muhammed First caliph Abu Bakr One of Muhammed s closest companions Next Umar Then Uthman Official codex written record of the Koran Ali Cousin and son in law of Muhammed None of these are sons of predecessors no dynastic rule These caliphs are known as The Rightly Guided Caliphs The community recognized that they lived consistently with the Prophet s teachings Men of integrity did what Muhammed would have done All except Abu Bakr were assassinated Umar ended system of pacification created by Abu Bakr Letting tribes do what they wanted when they converted Assassination of Uthaman began first great schism Because he belonged to Umayyad tribe who opposed Prophet Umayyads Not rightly guided used religion for their own gain Mu awiya Pushed to have Uthman s death avenged First dynasty in Islam Uthman was a convert and believer but still a member of the tribe He restarted system of pacification favored certain tribes over others Political assassination Schism really begins with Ali Relatives of Uthman demand justice Ali responded with the motive of saving the union Saw this as a petty vendetta that would make things worse Wanted to move on in the interest of the community at large Acts of retribution would only be met with more retribution Battle of the Camel in 656 Led by Muhammed s wife Aishah Believed the murderers of Uthman should be pursued Battle of Suffin Ali the Caliph vs Mu awiyah from Umayyads and governor of Damascus Mu awiyah would not pledge allegiance to Ali unless he avenged Uthman Each are joined by followers Ali Shiites partisans Kharijites Turn against Ali for his decision to surrender to arbitration Assasinate AliMu awiyah becomes 5th Caliph But not a rightly guided Caliph Begins political Sunnism The majority of people come back to Ali s decision Empire building and preservation over war Constitute 80 90 of the world s Muslims Beginning of Umayyads dynasty Capital is Damascus Medina is no long Islamic capital Taken out of home puts Muslims in a place where they are a numerical minority Arab chauvinists They are Arabians and look upon all non Arabians as inferior Mawali Arabasized non Arabs Clans that attach themselves to an Arabian tribe Because of these values they allowed for enough time for Muhammed s teachings to become legitimized Shiites Tiny group with a separate history 10 15 of the world s Muslims