Exam 3 Study Guide ANTH 205 Chapter 13 Globalization Culture and Indigenous Societies What is globalization a Broad scale changes and transformations that have resulted from 1 Impact of industrialization 2 Emergence of an interconnected global economy 3 Spread of capital labor and technology across national borders b Characteristics Acceleration on technological developments migration trends and increased interconnectivity with the internet What is the Modernization Theory a Emphasized how ideas beliefs and values have transforming effects on everyday activity within society deals with culture for the most part b Evolution from traditional preindustrial to modern industrial society 1 Traditional Stage 2 Culture Change Stage 3 Takeoff Stage 4 Self Sustained Stage 5 High Economic Growth Stage c First World modern industrial states with predominately capitalist economy d Second World industrial states that have predominately socialist economy e Third World pre modern agricultural states that maintain traditionalism What is Dependency Theory a Model of socioeconomic development that explains globalization and the inequality among different societies as resulting from historical exploitation of underdeveloped societies by developed societies b Imperialism economic political control of a particular nation territory by an external nation What is World Systems Theory a Socioeconomic differences and inequalities among various societies are a result of an interlocking global political economy b Core Societies powerful industrial nations that exercise economic domination over other regions c Peripheral Societies have very little control over their own economies and are dominated by the core societies d Semi Peripheral Societies somewhat industrialized and have some economic autonomy but are not as advanced as the core societies What happened to the foragers a The Ju hoansi San i In 1960 s South African govt began expanding into Kalahari Desert 1 Restricted hunting territories 2 Confined them to reservations representing 11 ancestral band 3 Introduced agriculture 4 Population increased ii Males got jobs doing medial chores 1 Initially paid with sugar or tobacco but then switched to money iii Effects 1 Change in traditional relationships money 2 Population increases so epidemics arise 3 Alcoholism because making money 4 Reduced nutrition decline in handcrafts 5 Dissatisfaction frustration towards outsiders and the government 6 Military exploitation increasing violence b The Mbuti i Attempted resettlement by govt officials during colonial period 1 Diseases due to sedentary lifestyle lack proper sanitation 2 Change of diet caused nutritional problems 3 Rapid environmental deterioration 4 Coltan mining ii Effects of Coltan Mining 1 Environmental destruction made hunting gathering difficult 2 Mining camps brought MANY problems 3 Legal loss of ancestral lands c The Yanomami i Christianization in the 1950 s generally unsuccessful ii Building of highways and settlement increased contact with contagions iii Adoptions of the shotgun iv The Yanomami Now 1 Increased pressures of mining i Massacre of 1993 ii Reservation lifestyle What were forms of globalization resistance a Ghost Dance i Wovoka taught that is Native Americans did the Ghost Dance hypnotic dance with spiritual meanings then whites would disappear a train would come from the east with spirits of recently deceased Native Americans signaling the restoration of their autonomy traditions ii Wovoka stressed nonviolent resistance and nonaccomodation to white domination b Peyote Cult i Nonviolent form of resistance based on a combination of Christian and Native American religious beliefs ii Peyote is a drug traditionally used in some Native American rituals for inducing spiritual visions c Cargo Cults i Yali maintained belief that there must be a supernatural cause or divine intervention for the ability of Westerners to be able to produce cargo ii Cults provided an organizational basis for political action for the various Melanesian tribes iii Enabled groups to form political organizations to challenge European and Australian colonial rule iv Cargo cults represent resurgence of aboriginal religious thought Chapter 14 Globalization in Latin America Africa and the Caribbean What was globalization and colonialism like in Latin America like a Mercantilism European states were competing to accumulate wealth to build their national treasuries b The conquistadores found four types of sociocultural systems i Small scale hunter gather bands ii Horticultural tribes iii Chiefdoms iv Agricultural empires d Portuguese took control of what is now Brazil e Spanish gained access to remained of Latin America f Cortes and the Aztec Empire i Cortez influenced Aztecs to go against their ruler Montezuma ii Spanish had superior weapons iii Spanish and Portuguese established elaborate bureaucracy to manage control over colonies g Vice Royalties in charge of amount of land and people in this land i Reducciones de Indios assimilation policy Christianized people and put them to work j Brazil had no productive agricultural states k Portuguese turned immediately to developing commercial agriculture and introduced sugar plantation l Started transporting slaves What was globalization and colonialism in Africa like a European expansionism began with Portuguese 1440 b Portuguese exported slaves from the coastal areas of West Africa to Portugal and to some Mediterranean Islands c Millions transported from Africa into Latin America Caribbean d Europeans didn t colonize quickly because of malaria and military resistance e In 19th century European nations began to compete aggressively for territories in Africa Race for Africa only after developed ways to not get sick f The Boers vs The English Dutch and English fight for Africa What was globalization and colonialism in the Caribbean like a Some islands ruled by the Spanish in 1500 b The rest split by European powers such as the British the French and the Dutch c Introduced commercialized agriculture usually in the form of plantations mainly to get sugar d Importation of African slaves e East Indian borders How was demography affected by globalization a Population declined due to i Smallpox typhoid fever measles influenza etc Caribbean Mesoamerica South America ii Malaria and yellow fever Brazil and the Caribbean iii Stress of slave labor slave raiding iv Famine food shortages v In the long run there was some population growth