Know the Mammalian Subclasses1-Prototheria 2-Theria--metatheria – marsupials--eutheria - placentalsKnow the Eutherian Superorders (and the orders that make up each Superorder)*Afrotheria – Africa & Madagascar-Proboscidea-hyracoidea-sirenia-tibulidentata-macroscelidea-afrosoricida*Xenarthra-Cingulata-Pilosa*Euarchontoglires-Rodentia-Lagomorpha-------Rodentia & Lagomorpha make group called Glires-primates-dermoptera-scandentia----Dermoptera & scandetia are tree shrews (colugos)*Laurasiatheria-soricomorpha-erinaceomorpha-------sorico & erinaceo are hedgehogs--chiroptera---cetacea---artiodactyla – even toed ungulates--------cetacea + artiodactyla = Cetartiodactyla----perissodactyla – odd toed ungulates-----philodota-----carnivoraKnow the common names for the Mammal OrdersMarsupials, placentals & monotremata?Know features of MonotremataKnow features of MarsupialsKnow features of Eutherians-Egg shell membrane lost, intrauterine gestation prolonged w/ suppression of estrous cycle, corpus callosum connects cerebral hemispheres, uterers pass lateral to Mullerian ducts into a median vagina, details of dentition – upper molars w/ narrow stylar shelvesKnow the shared features of all extant Mammals1 – Lactation-Mammal glands absent in male marsupials-nipples present in therians2 – Epiphyses on long bones3 – Braincase enclosed4 – heterodont dentition5 – dentary squamosal articulation6 – upright posture7 - crurotarsal joint & calcaneum8 – Pelvic girdle arrangements (ileum, ischium, pubis)9 – 7 cervical vertebrae & unique atlas-axis complex10 – spine can be twisted lateral & dorsoventral directions11 – hair-sensory, insulation, communication12 – Glandular structures-Eccrine & Apocrine (sweat), Sebaceous, Mammary13 – Claws, nails, hooves, & horns-derived from keratin or bone14 – Adipose tissue (white & brown)15 – Heart with complete ventricular septum & 1 systemic arch-Erythrocytes lack nuclei16 – Respiratory system (alveoli, diaphragm)17 – urogenital system (baculum)Know sensory systems of all extant mammalsOlfaction-Keen sense of smell related to endothermy-Nasoturbinal and Ethmoturbinal bones –olfactory receptors-Olfactory bulbVision-Visual sensitivity important in low light-Retinas composed of rod cells (sensitive to light)-Fovea with cones for acute vision Hearing-Complex middle ear-Long cochlea for pitch discrimination-Pinna for sound