CRM JST 281 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Lecture 1 (September 2) During this lecture we were introduced to the class and syllabus and then we watched an episode of the new detectives called Dead men to talk, within this film we learned about the different techniques that the law enforcement agencies used to track a killer and to attempt to discover the identity of bones that they found. This material is best reviewed by watching the video as there are many things that could be on the exam. This is a youtube link which takes youto the video.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23MTZZuzgjQLecture 2 (September 9) For this lecture I will be going over the reading that was supposed to be done. The reading was Forensic Evidence and the Police, this was a reading about a study about the various uses of physical evidence in criminal investigations and to assess the effects of the scientifically analyzed evidence on the solution of crimes and the apprehension and prosecution of offenders. Some major findings were that the rates of clearance for robberies and burglaries were significantly higher when the investigations contained physical evidence. They determined that forensic evidence has the greatest effect in cases which usually have the lowest solution rates such and burglary and robbery. It was also found that forensic evidence in rape cases increased the conviction rate.Lecture 3 (September 16)During this lecture Dr. Stojkovic did an overview of the Criminal Justice System. First he talked about how we understand the Criminal Justice system. First, the criminal justice system isNOT monolithic – meaning that it is not just one model of the system, there are many different models of the Criminal Justice system. One community varies greatly from a different community, even if they are only a couple miles apart. The Criminal Justice system is interrelated with other systems, for example, the political system and the economic system. Even though the Criminal Justice system is interrelated with the political system it is NOT all about politics. Yes, they are related and politics get laws made and passed but the police force isnot all about politics. To handle everything that there is in the Criminal Justice system we have to have a model, keep in mind that there is NOT only one model and there is NOT only on type of system.Systems Model, As with every system, there are parts of the system that are more important than other parts. An example would be the human body which is asystem, we need our hearts for our system to run, but we don’t need our gallbladders for the system to run.a. There are seven components (elements) that explain how the system works.1. Componentsa. All systems have components or parts. These parts help define what the system is and help it run. As in every system, some parts are more important than others and have differential influence.2. Identifiable Whole Boundarya. All systems have an identifiable boundary, where does the Criminal Justice system start and stop? Determining whether or not a problem is a Criminal Justice problem is ahard decision. An example is, in Europe, drug addiction is not a Criminal Justice problem but it is considered a health care problem. Drug addicts are treated as patients and not as criminals.b. How far is the Criminal Justice system’s reach? What is the role of the Criminal Justice system?3. Interdependenta. All system components are interdependent, or put simply, they all depend on other components or parts of the system.b. Example: The political system interfaces with the economicsystem. 4. Environmenta. All systems operate in an environment. The environment isEVERYTHING that is outside of the system.b. How does the environment influence the system?i. Successful people know how to manipulate their environment and use it to their advantage.c. Environment is massive and Criminal Justice environments are not all the same, they actually differ greatly. This is whythe Criminal Justice system of Green Bay is very different from the Criminal Justice system of Milwaukee.5. Inputsa. All systems have inputs. Inputs are visual and measurable entities and they help the system function. An example of this is that politics need voters and voters and inputs. And we also have to be able to identify these inputs.b. There are two forms of inputs:1. Demandsa. These are demands from the environment onto the system; they demand the system of something. An example of this is people demanding more police presence or action against a certain something. These demands are placed on the systems.2. Supportsa. Supports are normally resources that the system has, such as money. Criminal justice, historically, did not have many supports. There was verylittle funding and no one wanted to pay taxes to increase the amount of funding that law enforcement received, due to this Criminal Justicesystems were always small up until the 1970’s. One even that massively changed the Criminal Justice system to the one we have today is that happenings that occurred on 9/11. This completely changed our perspective on the Criminal Justice system and increase their funding enormously due to the change in theinput and demand for the Criminal Justice system.6. Outputsa. For every input there is an output. An output is a production of activities produced by the system and we should be able to measure these.i. Outputs are NOT outcomes!1. An output is an activity, like arrests. An outcome is a measure of impact due to the outcomes, such as less street crime due to more police presence. 7. Feedbacka. Feedback is the environmental response to the outputs. This tends to be normative, like good, bad, or not enough impact. Feedback as a direct impact of what goes on in thecriminal justice system.II. Components of the Criminal Justice systema. Law enforcementi. Law enforcement is most seen in the form of police officers. What used tobe traditional functions of law enforcement are no longer traditional functions; this has changed greatly since 9/11. An example of this would be the FBI, they used to focus on bank robberies and since 9/11 the FBI has beefed up and now handle many more things on a regular basis.ii. Law enforcement gets the highest scores by citizens on feedback and citizens say that they should get the most credit out of all the components, of course this opinion differs depending on the community.b. Criminal Prosecutioni. This is the power of the state to