CRM 281 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Previous Lecture I. Overview of the Criminal Justice systemII. Systems Model of Criminal Justicei. Componentsii. Identifiable Whole Boundaryiii. Interdependentiv. Environmentv. Inputsvi. Outputsvii. FeedbackIII. Components of the Criminal Justice system IV. Input, output, and feedback processV. Four aims trying to be achieved by the Criminal Justice systemOutline of Current LectureI. Wisconsin State Crime Laba. Department of Justiceb. Different Crime labs in Wisconsinc. Service providedd. Pros and cons of crime lab worke. Statutory authorizationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.f. How forensic scientists make decisionsg. Ethics and valuesh. Scientific Misconducti. Forensic science sections and unitsj. Mission statementk. Deeper explanation of services providedl. Education requirements to work in a state crime labCurrent LectureI. Wisconsin State Crime Laba. First of all, the state crime lab is not like the show CSI, the work can become very mundane but it can also become exciting at timesb. Member of the Department of Justicei. The state crime labs are a member of the Department of Justice and they work under the authority of the State Attorney General and there are fourdivisions that are mentioned within this lecture.1. Local services2. Management services3. Division of Criminal Investigation4. Division of Law Enforcement Servicesa. The state crime labs fall under the criminal investigation division.c. Within Wisconsin there are three different crime labs and they all work together as an organization. There is the Madison crime lab which was established in 1947, the Milwaukee crime lab which was established in 1975, and the Wausau crime lab which was established in 1991 and only has limited services like identification, drug identification and forensic imaging. The Milwaukee lab coversthe counties of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington, and Waukesha counties. Every crime lab has its own “jurisdiction” but since all of the crime labs work together officers or departments can take their evidence or anything that they need analyzed to any of the three crime labs. And now since everyone arrested will have to submit a buccal DNA swab they crime labs are currently expanding to accommodate the extra work.d. Services providedi. Examination of evidence1. Detection2. Analysis3. Comparisona. When evidence is analyzed the results are only submitted to the person who submitted the evidence due to confidentiality issues.4. Provide expert testimonya. Presentation and explanation of evidence within the courtroome. Pros and cons of crime lab worki. Pros1. Interesting2. Good benefitsa. Paid vacationb. Flexible hoursc. Insurance3. Securea. Usually have the job until you either retire or quit and there will always be crime and evidence to process.b. Serve the publicii. Cons1. Pay, most crime lab workers only make 30 to 65 thousand a year.a. Private corporations that are not run by the state offer much more pay.2. Can be stressful3. Politics are involved a. Especially since if you work in a crime lab you work under an elected official.4. Limited job opportunitiesa. Usually have to wait until someone either leaves or retires in order for a job to open up.5. Advancement is limiteda. There are usually not many jobs that are open for advancement, for example, all three crime labs in Wisconsin have the same head tech but they are currently trying to change that.6. Limited resourcesa. Training and equipmentf. Statutory Authorizationi. These are notable statutes controlling the crime laboratories.ii. This also says what services are available for felony cases to:1. Any law enforcement agency my submit2. Defense may request lab analysis via court order3. Lab staff are civiliansiii. All of this means that the crime lab is a neutral participant.g. Why? Why do crime labs operate?i. To link people, places, and/or thingsii. To support or to refute statements made by victims, witnesses or suspectsiii. To prove an element of a crime defined by a statuteiv. To identify people, places, and/or thingsh. How forensic scientists make decisions1. Absolute identificationa. Molecular identification of chemical speciesi. GC/MSii. FTIRiii. X-ray diffractionb. Matching individual characteristicsi. Impressionsii. Bullet/casingsiii. Physical matchesc. Beyond a reasonable (mathematical) doubti. DNA profileii. <1 in number greater than 7 trillion2. Consistent evidencea. Sometimes all the lab workers can say is that the evidence is consistent when they cannot get anything absolute from the evidence.3. I don’t knowa. A legitimate conclusion because you will know why you don’t know and possibly what you would need to know to reach a conclusion.i. Quality assurancei. Standard operating procedures which are validated.ii. Peer review of case notes and documentation.1. This is when anyone who is proficient in the field goes over your case notes and documentation to see if they come to the same conclusion that you did.iii. Documented training program1. So that everyone has the same training.iv. Annual proficiency testing1. Everyone is tested every year on testing procedures. They are sentan unknown sample and they have to preform tests on it and thensend the results back to the testing facility and then they get graded on their testing procedures and performance.v. Error resolution procedures1. CARS – Corrective action resolution reportsvi. Accreditation by ASCLD/LABj. Ethicsi. The study of standards of right and wrong; that part of the philosophy addressing moral conduct, duty, and judgments.ii. The discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty andobligation or a guiding philosophy or a value set.k. Characteri. Moral or ethical strengthii. Moral excellence and firmnessl. Integrityi. Steadfast adherence to a strict ethical code.ii. Firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic value.m. Valuesi. Personal Values1. Core contributors to your personal valuea. Age/erab. Locationc. Socio/economicd. Ethnicitye. Religion f. Family2. External contributorsa. Educationb. Social factorsii. Professional Values1. Often broken up into two categories, science and governmental.iii. Governmental Values1. Value equalitya. Give people access to programs and services.2. Value accountabilitya. Officials must answer to the