ANT 102 Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Human Diversity and RaceII. The concept or raceIII. Bio-cultural Evolution and Human PolymorphismsOutline of Current Lecture I. Simple Polymorphisms II. Patterns of Population DiversityIII. Race and GeneticsIV. Human adaptabilitya. Adaptive significance of human variationCurrent LectureI. Simple Polymorphismsa. Polymorphismsi. Traits used to document genetic differences between populationsb. ABO blood group system II. Patterns of Population Diversitya. Clinei. Geographical distribution of a polymorphic traitb. Examining single traitsi. Possible influences of natural selection c. Multivariate Approach i. Allows evaluation of population relationships III. Race and Genetics a. R.D. Lewontin i. Calculated differences in allele frequency for 17 traits 1. 7 geographical areas (“races”)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Calculated genetic variability within our species ii. 94% of variability occurs within groups iii. All humans are connected to African populationsHuman Adaptability I. Adaptive Significance of Human Variationa. Human Variationi. Result of adaptations to local environmentsb. Responses to environmental changei. Long-term genetic evolutionary changes1. Adaptationii. Short-term physiological response1. Acclimatization c. Human responses to heati. Sweat glandsii. Vasodilation 1. When you are exposed to hot environments, blood from the core moves to the surface of the skin and releases heatiii. Bergmann’s Rule1. Body mass- As volume increases, surface area increases which is ideal for heat retention (eskimos)iv. Allen’s Rule1. Limb size and shape- being tall and lean is good for getting rid of heat because of the large surface aread. Human responses to coldi. Increased metabolic rateii. Shiveringiii. Vasoconstriction 1. The opposite of above (decreased blood flow to the surface of the skin, heat is retained in your core.)e. High altitude i. Hypoxia 1. Reduced available oxygen ii. Intense solar radiation iii. Cold iv. Low humidity v. Wind1. Amplifies cold