GEO 211 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Measuring HumidityA. 3 types of humidity1. Absolute humidity (A.H.)2. Specific humidity (S.H.) and mixing ratio (M.R.)3. Relative humidity (R.H.)B. Absolute humidityC. Specific humidityD. Relative Humidity E. Humidity instruments: hygrometers1. Hair hygrometer2. Sling hygrometer (measures R.H. and dew point)Outline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 5- CondensationA. Fog is formed by:1. Cooling2. EvaporationB. Formed by cooling (3 types)1. Radiation fog- formed by radiational cooling on clear calm nights (also called ground fog)- Valley fog2. Advection fog3. Upslope fogC. Formed by evaporation1. Steam fog2. Frontal (precipitation) fogCurrent LectureII. Chapter 5- Condensation- Dew- formed by radiation cooling on clear nights, condense liquids on objects near the groundThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Frost- ice crystals formed by deposition, also called hoarfrost, exhibits ice-crystal patterns (Figure 5.2)- Condensation nuclei- tiny particles in the atmosphere where condensation beginsA. Fog is formed by:1. Cooling2. EvaporationB. Formed by cooling (3 types)1. Radiation fog- formed by radiational cooling on clear calm nights (also called ground fog)- Valley fog-when nestled in valleys- Valley fogs develop temporary temperature inversion- Radiation fog dissipates few hours after sunrise- Remnants at the fog resembles stratus cloud- Does not cover very extensive areas2. Advection fog- formed when warm, moist air is blown over a cooler surface and cooled to the dew point, horizontal transfer by wind- Ex: warm, moist air over snow surfaces or cool ocean currents- In U.S common along coast with cold currents- Ex: San Francisco bay - Normally covers extreme areas and is thicker than radiation fog3. Upslope fog- forms when air rises and cools to saturation as it climbs over mountain slopes (also called orographic fog)- Common along eastern slopes of the rocky mountains C. Formed by evaporation1. Steam fog- forms when water evaporates from water surfaces and mix with drier air above causing saturation2. Frontal (precipitation) fog- forms on a warm front, when raindrops evaporate as they fall into cooler air
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