Lecture 3:Review: Frankfurt School- Critique of “Culture Industry”o Analysis: factory metaphor, political economyo Function: advertising (programming is extension)o Purpose: control and dominationo Qualities: alienation, lack of authenticity, questionable messages Ownership, consolidation, monopolyMapping the Culture Industry:Consolidation:- Number of corporations that control a majority of U.S. Mediao Newspapers, magazines, TV and radio stations, books, music, movies, and videos- Larger companies control smaller companiesThe BIG Ones:- NewsCorp- GE/NBC/MSNBCo Buys Vivendi in 2006- AOL/Time-Warnero NewsCorp looking to buy- Disney/ABC/Capital Cities- CBS Corp/ViaComo Time-Warner looking to buy- Clear Channel- GoogleTrends in Music Ownership- Vivendi bought by GE/NBC/MSNBC in 2006- SONY buys BMG in 2008- AOL/Time-Warner looking to by BMIo Last decade 6 to 3 major music players Rise to apple and Spotify as distribution networksTrends in Internet:- NewsCorp buys MySpace in 2005- Google buys YouTubeTrends in Telecom- Sprint—T-Mobile = minor players- AT&T and Verison = major playerso Each convector involvers consolidationWHY?- Market forces toward monopoly- Ratcheting political effect- Deregulation by FCCo 1940’s-70’s restrictions on ownership (TV)o 80’s started to be filteredo 1996- Telecommunication Act Apposed by John McCain Brought in office by Clintono 2003- lift of 35%-45% and cross-ownership, reversed by congress- Net Neutrality 2010 and 2014 FCC decisionImplications:- Less competitive in monopolies - Fewer voices ideas- More beholden to corporate interests- Tremendous political clout - Intensifying of culture industry effectso Greater culture dominationo “Synergy” and sudden cultural