PSYCH 530 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture II. Contact information/Office hours of Professor H and StacyIII. Introduction to Social PsychologyOutline of Current Lecture I. History of Social PsychologyII. Triplett, 1897III. Fischoff’s ExperimentIV. Methods of ResearchCurrent LectureHistory of Social Psychology begins in 1897- Triplett-1897o 1st social psychology experiment—what makes people work harder? Does the presence of others make a difference?  Bikers raced faster when they were against others Observations of bike racers in competition vs. against-the-clock raceso Theory of Dynamogenesis—“Bodily presence of another person serves to liberate latent energy not normally available”- Social facilitation—the presence of others facilitates, or improves, the performance of anindividualTriplett’s Experiment (children reeling a fishing rod)CONDITIONSAlone In Competition----------------------------------- FASTERThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Interesting Progression- Triplett first notices a relationship between 2 variables in the real world—type of bike races & their speeds- He develops a theory- An experiment is created- Even though Triplett made good headway, Social Psychology was slow to developWWII focused attention on social psychological issues, and marks the beginning of sustained scientific analysisTheories: integrated set of principles that explain and predict phenomena Is social psychology simply sophisticated common sense? - We tend to think we know things we don’t really know- Hindsight bias-the “I knew it all along” effect people overestimate their ability to have foreseen an outcomeStudents rate the difficulty of test questions1. Which is longer, the Suez Canal or the Panama Canal?2. Which is longer, the Suez Canal or the Panama Canal? (Suez) Students who knew the answers thought the questions were easier than those who did not know the answerFischoff’s second experiment—forwarned forearmed?De-biasing instructions ControlNO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO GROUPS!Fischoff’s third experiment- Made people explain why a different result could’ve been right instead of the one they thought it would be (the opposite finding)- Then after they have thought about it, he asked them if they find it surprising- Participants were told to write out paragraphs explaining the opposite resultsCONDITIONSActively justify ControlLESS BIAS --------------------***Unlike people, scientists make predictions before the fact (before they know the result)Methods of Research1. Observational—descriptivea. What is the nature of the phenomenon?2. Correlational—predictiona. From knowing x, can we predict y?3. Experimental—causalitya. Is variable x a cause of variable y?Settings for ResearchLAB FIELDXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX CORRELATIONALXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX EXPERIMENTALSurvey Research Techniques- Target group-speicifc population of interest (e.g. registered voters)o Sample-group we actually get to interview/survey- Random sampling-every person in the target group has an equally likely chance of beingsurveyedwill be representative of target