***Differ fromScyphozoa bc:1) Square Shape, 2) No strobilization(instead polyps bud off),3) has a lensed eye***Hydrotheca-yield protection***Menubrium-Muscular piece associated wmouth, all mostly containedw/in bell. (Scyphozoansmenubrium extends below thebell)***Velum-Membrane under bell(only in Hydrozoans)1) Gonozooids 2)Gastrozooids, 3)Dactylozooids:1) Repro, 2) Feeding 3)Defense3 Orders of Hydrozoans:Hydroidia,Siphonophora,Hydrocorillina3 Polyp Types:Gastrozooids- FeedingGonozooids- ReproDactylozooids- Defense4 Classes of Cnidaria:Scyphozoa, Cubozoa,Anthozoa, HydrozoaAcontia-have Nematocysts +secretory cells, extendoutside body, Funct:Digestion, Defense.Adradial Canal-straight line approachyields nutrients to cellAll Cnidarians secrete:Cnidae- a nettle,stinging threadAmoebocytes are similarto:Archeocytes (funt:"everything"Amoebocytes Funct:Digest, hold/movenutrients, wound repair,antibiotic defense.Asexual Methods:Strobilation + BuddingBowlus-wtr w/in tentaclesBudding-Grow new appendagesthen bud thatCharacteristics:Polyp Dominant (equally medusa tonever a medusa), Solitary, BenthicComplex Nerve Syst. No Centralization,Budding, No Strobilization, Nematocystis in epidermis only and not w/inGastrodermal tissue, no cells w/inmesogleaCharacteristics:Lensed eye,Rhopalia, 4tentacles (<'s = 90), Squareshape, Nemotocysts (vrytoxic), Primitive but complex,No StrobilizationCircular MitochondrialDNA-one cell engulf anothercell, simbiont ( Links itw Protista), OtherCnidaria have linear.Class Anthozoa:(Sea Anomone + Corals) Lackmedusa stage, Operculum, Cnidocil,Circular Mitochondrial DNA ( Linksit w Protista), Most Dioescious,Carnivores, Nematocysts, tentacles(grab + move)Class Cubozoa:Sea Wasps- Moreadvanced thanScyphozoaClass Hydrozoans:incl: Hydrocorillina,Hydra, Obelia,Paneria...etcClassify:Multicellular, Diploblastic,Usually Radially symmetrical,Tissue level of organizationCnidae Funct:Defense Mechanism,Collect food,Locomotion (kinda)Cnidae-may wrap around smallobj's, stick + penetratesurfaces w toxinsCnidarianCharacteristics:Tentacles surroundmouth, one opening(mouth is anus too)Cnidarians examples:Sea anomone, Jellyfish,Coral, scyphazoans,hydrozoansCnidoblasts-organelle secreted w/incells (nematoblasts)Cnidocyte-Cell Type of PortegueseMan of WarCoelenteron-Gastrovascular cavitythts parted byMesentaries (septa)-distinct sheets of tissueCorals 2 subclasses:Subclass Hexacorallia=Zoantharia, SubclassOctocorallia=AlcyonariaDescribe Repro:Medusa > egg, larva settles, polypgrowth, planula larva, skyphostoma,strobila > strobilization > Ephyra.(if buds- one egg > manyorganisms)Dioecious-Gonochoristic- separatesexesDiploblastic-2 Germ Layers:epidermis (skin) +Gastrodermis (gut)Distinguishing Feature:Lensed EyeEx: Obelia:Colonial, "A- thecateHydroid"Gastrovascular CanalSyst.-Bring food in, digests inpouches, nutrientstransported throughoutGonotheca-Reproducing polypHermatypic Corals:20 deg N to 20 deg S, Photic Zone (<50m= z), Host Zooxanthelae (simbiont)-photosynthetic (intake CO2+ N Wastesand excrete fatty acids, lipid, aminoacids, and glucose nutrients to coral)loose flagellaHost________, whichallows there survival innutrient depleted watersZooxanthellaeHow Cubozoa +Schyphozoa similar:Both have Ocelli +Retina CellsHydranth-organism itself/ bodyInterradial Canals-"Fork ends"Lens of Ocellus-Senses LightLink betw Porifera andCnidarians bc-Porifera haveArcheocytes, Cnidarianshave Amoebocytes(similar cell types)Link betw Protista andPorifera bc(Similar Cell Types)Porifera- Archeocytes,Protista- ChoanocytesManubrium-muscular cylinder wmouth at its endMesentary-contain longitudinalretractor muscles andbear gonadsMesoglea layer-Pre mesoderm, nonliving butmay contain living cells (calledAmeobocytes) fromembryonic ectodermMoniecious-Hermaphroditic- Male +Female processes occurat separate or same timeMouth opensinto_______ instead ofinto gastrovascularcavity.PharynxMovement:most sedentary, Slow, fewmm/min, some travel on topof other invertebrates, somefree swm for short burstsNematocysts-1 of 3 types of CnidaeObelia Life Cycle:Medusa> Eggs > PlanulaLarvae tht settle + produce apolyp> Budding (NoStrobilization)> ColonyObelia- A- Thecate-w/o Hydrotheca, velum,menubrium w/in bell,Medusa Bud off thereproducing polypsOcelli-another sense organ,Light receptorOrder Hydrocorallina:Fire Corals- All Colonial, CoralReefs/ Photic zone/ warm wtr,Simbiont (loosed flagella),Nematocysts (ExceptionsExist)Order Hydroidia:Marine, allgonochoristic, hasvelum, most colonial,Order Scleractinia-Scleractinain or hardcorals, intense CaCO3skeletonOrder Siphonophora:Porteguese man of war,Colonial,other Anthozoans have:"Catch tentacles"Perradial Canals-"fork handle"Pinnate Tentacles-have many lateraloutfoldings calledpinnules (rare feature inother anthozoans)Planula Larvae-Free swmer, bilateral,ciliatedPneumatophore-Airsack for floatation whydrozoan communityattached below > openocean organismPoriferaSpongesPorteguese Man of War:Trigger> toxinsexcreted, Nematocyst-beaded areas ontentaclesProtista-Protozoans,multicellularRepro-Most Dioescious,Polyp>Gametes> egg> PlanulaLarvae>Polyp. Most Asexualrepro- longitudinal ortransverse fissionRetina Cells-Light Sensative pigmentRhopalia Cell StructureFunct:Stability and lightreceptorRhopalia-Lensed eye neartentacles> Stability +Light receptorScyphozoaCharacteristics:Medusa dominant "true jellyfish",Nematocyst tentacles,4 gastricpouches, Gastrovascular CanalSyst.Rhopalia cell structure, mostDioecious,Sensory Fibers-Lens > ability toenvision predatorsSepta-infoldings of garstroderm +mesoglea. Yields an INC inSURFACE AREA- helps digest+ abs nutrientsSiphonoglyph-Ciliated grooves in pharyngealwall tht leads to mouth(UNIQUE TO ANTHOZOANS)Siphonophora ex:Vallella- "By the windsailor"- small, bladder,colonialskyphostoma-...Soft Coralshave polyps inside mesoglea... OR...supported by proteinaceous orcalcareous internal skeletonsex: Sea fans, sea whips, pipe coralsSome Anthozoans haveAcrorhagi-spherical bulge at ends of tentacles,have potent nematocysts. Funct:Defense (ex against invasion ofother anomone from ex: samespecies)Statocyst-Stablizing Calcareosstructure (tiny bones)tht normally falls off >spaceStatocysts-organelle tht yieldsstabilitystrobila-...Strobilation-Layers of itself exist (old layers-top, young layers- bottom),system attached to substrate,peel off layers > a free swmer(Ephyra) (1 egg> 1 organism)Subclass Hexacorallia:tentacles-in multiples of 6, 6 pairsof primary mesenteries,