CL_HUM 2160 1st Edition Exam 1 I. Introduction to Mythologya. What are myths?b. Where do myths come from?II. Where do Myths come from?a. Literatureb. Documentary sourcesc. Visual sourcesi. Our subject: Creation of the world onwardii. Our sources: 8th century BCE- 4th century BCEIII. Important Wordsa. Polytheism: The belief in many godsi. From Greek words polus meaning much, many and theos meaning godb. Pantheon: All the godsi. Greek pan meaning all and theos meaning godc. Polis: The Greek city-statei. Plural: PoleisIV. “Right” and “Wrong”a. Nothing equivalent to the Torah or Bibleb. No authoritative collection of mythsc. Multiple equally “true” versionsV. What are Myths?a. Definitions of “myth”i. Muthosii. Logos1. Both words meaning word, speech, or storyb. The Greeks have no clear word for “myth”c. “Myth”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Outside of timeii. Usually dealing with gods or demi-godsd. “Legend”i. Recognizably within historical timeii. Featuring named, supposedly historical figurese. “Folktale”i. Presented as fictionii. Featuring unnamed or generically named charactersiii. Include animal talesOutline of Lecture 8/29/2014 I. What is Greek Myth?a. Greek myth is the narrative underlying and explicating religious ritual and practiceb. Greek myth explains how the world worksi. (A)Etiology: An explanation of why we do what we doc. Greek myth demonstrates how we should and should not acti. Culturally (Greeks vs. non-Greeks)ii. Societally (Athenians vs. Spartans)iii. Religiously (Piety vs. Impiety)d. Myths are thought experimentsi. “What if…?”II. Cosmogony (The Creation of the Universe)a. What is Cosmogony?i. Cosmos (Greek: Kosmos)1. Order 2. Universeb. Kosmos + gone (birth) = Birth of the Universe = Birth of Orderc. Greek Cosmogonyi. Numerous versions of the creation of the universe1. More than 5!ii. Hesiod’s TheogonyOutline of Lecture 9/3/2014-9/5/2014I. Names?a. ***Not required to memorize all the names in the readings. There are too many to be expected to know.b. Night vs. Nyx?i. Just a translation issuec. Aphrodite vs. Cythereia vs. Cyprogenes vs. Philommedes?i. All different names that the Greeks used to describe her.ii. Epithets: descriptive nicknamesiii. “The laughter-loving goddess” = AphroditeII. Recapa. Ouranos (Sky) rules cosmosi. Ouranos suppresses offspring inside Gaia1. Retards progressii. Gaia takes initiative to overthrow Ouranosb. What does the term “Succession Myth” refer to?i. The son violently overthrowing the father to rule the universec. Gaia takes matters into her own hands and makes a sickle out of adamanti. Adamant is a mythically hard substance. Adamant literally means unconquerable. (Wolverine’s claws are made out of adamant)ii. Kronos uses it to castrate his fatheriii. The drops of blood produce:1. Erinyes (Furies)a. Punish crimes between family members among mortals.2. Giantsa. Hubristic creatures who will eventually challenge the gods3. Meliai (Ash-tree nymphs)a. Nymphs of the trees that spears are made out ofiv. The genitals + the ocean produce:1. Aphrodite (goddess of love)III. Other Early Beingsa. Family groupsi. Cover all aspects of creationii. Family resemblanceb. Titan Okeanos (“Ocean”) i. All bodies of water (rivers, springs, etc.)c. Titan Hyperion (“Going Above”) i. Celestial bodies:1. Sun (Helios)2. Moon (Selene)3. Dawn (Eos)a. Next generation (Eos’ children):i. Starsii. Winds (Boreas, Zephyros, Notos)IV. Abstract Familiesa. Nyx (“Night”)  15 beings related to death, despair, and nightb. Children on Eris (“Strife, Discord”): 15 beings related to conflict and sufferingi. Eris is the child of NyxV. Kronos: Large and in Chargea. Recap:i. OuranosVI. Kronos and Rheiaa. We do as the gods say, don’t do what the gods do.b. 6 Children (3 boys, 3 girls)i. Boys: Hades, Poseidon, Zeusii. Girls: Hestia, Demeter, Herac. Kronos fears being dethronedd. FAILURE: suppression inside mothere. TAKE TWO: suppression inside himselff. Kronos swallows each child as they are borni. **NOTE: Kronos SWALLOWED his children, he did NOT eat themg. Rheia, not wanting to lose her 6th child, consults her parents and they tell her to wrap a stone in swaddling clothes and present it to KronosVII. Zeus’ Childhooda. Nursed by Amaltheiab. Grows quicklyi. Very common with the godsc. Kronos vomits up the stone and 5 other childrend. Zeus installs stone at Delphi”i. *Site of the most famous oracleii. *Center of the worlde. CLICKER QUESTION: Who uses a sickle made of adamant to castrate his father?i. ANSWER: KronosVIII. The Olympian’s Alliesa. Zeus frees the 6 brothers from their prison in Tartarusb. The Cyclopesi. Forgoers of Zeus’ lightning1. The lightning is NOT Zeus’ power. The lightning is Zeus’ weapon. c. The Hundred-Handersd. The children of Styx:i. Nike (Victory)ii. Kratos (Power)iii. Bia (Force)iv. Zelos (Envy)1. All of these become the right hand personifications of Zeus.IX. Titanomachya. “machy” means battleb. = “Titan-battle”c. Titans are on Mount Othrysd. Younger gods on Mount Olympuse. Olympus does not equal Olympiai. Olympus: home of the godsii. Olympia: site of the Olympic gamesf. CLICKER QUESTION: Zeus becoming the ruler of the cosmos after overthrowing his father is out next iteration of what?i. ANSWER: The Succession MythX. Zeus Large and in Chargea. Ruling god is always challengedi. During the creation of cosmos: ruler is defeatedii. In post-creation phase: ruler is victoriousb. Zeus’ repeated success demonstrates stability of the cosmosXI. Typhoios/Typhona. Child of Gaia and Tartarosb. Monstrous: multiple heads, snaky parts,c. Equal to Zeus in powerd. Zeus always wins against TyphoiosXII. The Flight into Egypta. When Typhoios is fighting the gods, all of the gods hid in Egypt. They all hid in theforms of animalsb. The way the Greeks explained the world outside of Greecec. CLICKER QUESTION: Which one does not belong, on a generational level?i. Chaosii. Erosiii. Gaiaiv. ANSWER: Pontos1. Most correct answer because he is Gaia’s sonv. Tartaros XIII. Gigantomachya. Attempt on the power of Zeusb. Opponents of chthonic (something that comes out of the earth) originc. Disorder against orderd. Seen as a very important event. Depicted in many places in Greece.e. Triumph of order and civilization over disorder.Outline of Lecture 9/5/14ZEUSI.