Mythology 8/27Cronos and RheiaCronos and sister Titan Rheia become the parents of the first Olympian gods:Hestia, Demeter, Herra, Hades, Posiedon, ZeusCronos and Rheia: Heiros gamosCronos seeks to maintain powerCronos fears prophecy given by parents:Fated to be overthrown by his own childCronos “kept a sharpwatch and swallowed his own children” (p145)Rheia’s plan:“Rheia’s pain was unbearable”When becomes pregnant for the 6th time, she consults Gaia and OuranosGoes to island of Crete to give birth to Zeus. Once he is born, Rheia hides Zeus, the youngest of her children with Cronos, in a caveRheia gives Cronos a stone concealed in a blanket. Cronos is tricked and swallows the stone allowing Zeus to grow up in secret Zeus fights for powerFights two major battles to secure his power:1. vs. Cronos and the rest of the Titans (Titanomachy) 2. vs. Typhois (aka Typhon)Two different versions of the battle:Enlists the help of Gaia, mother earth. Gaia drugs Cronos, who barfs up his childrenZeus frees the Cyclopes, who make weapons:Zeus’ thunderboltsPoseidon’s tridentHade’s helmet Enemies of Zeus Allies of ZeusThe Titans Brothers and sisters:Hera, Hestia, Hades, Hestia, Posiedon, DemeterCyclopesEventually hundred-handers (still buried in Gaia)Zeus and his allies triumphAfter 10 years of constant fighting, Zeus frees the Hundred-HandersZeus unleashes his lightning, and consumes the earth in flames Hundred-Handers bury the Titans under a hail of rocks and are imprisoned down in Tartaros (area beneath Gaia, the earth)Zeus’ next challenge Gaia unites with Tartaros and give birth to Typhois (“Typhon”) (depicted with wings all over his body and course hair)2 versions of Zeus’ fight against Typhois:1. Zeus alone destroys him (Hesioda. Zeus burns Tyhpois with his lightening, hurls him into Tartarosb. Typhois/Typhon: source of typhoons (typhon: “whirlwind”); when he stirs or is angry, he causes storms at sea2. Zeus needs helpa. Occurs a while after Titanomachy b. The gods flee from Typhoios; only Zeus stands against himc. Typhoios pursues the other gods, who escape by turning into animals d. Zeus attacks with lightening and sicklee. Typhoios binds Zeus with the bottom of his body, grabs his sickle, and cuts the tendons out of Zeus’ hands and feetf. Typhoios tosses Zeus into a cave, hides the tendons in a bearskin and hides them away in a dark corner of that samecave. He sets dragon to guard the cave and it appears Zeus’reign is overg. Hermes rescues Zeus h. Zeus attacks again, crushing a surprised Typhoios under Mt. Aitna (Etna). Burns him with a lightening and drops theentire mountain on top of Typhoios Etiological myths:An etiological myth explains the cause or origin of something (i.e. Maui and the formation of New Zealand) In the story of Typhoios: TyphoonsEruptions of Mt. Aitna 8/29Zeus II: King of the gods1. Attributes and some offspringa. Anthropomorphic (has human shape and human characteristics)b. Lighteningc. Staff d. Eagle (Zeus is a sky god)e. Older, beardedf. Striding forward about to hurl a lightening bolt, or sitting down on throneg. Zeus’ domains:i. Sky/Weather1. (Zeus: “bright daylight”)ii. Justice1. Guardian of rulers/kingsiii. Hospitality/treatment of strangersiv. The supreme god (Aeschylus 70, p 5)h. Zeus’ many childreni. Metis (“wisdom”): Zeus’ first loverii. Gaia and Oranos’ prophecy:1. Powerful children will be born from Metis:a. Athenab. “A son with an arrogant heart (will one day rule as king of men and gods)”2. Zeus swallows Metis before she gives birth to Athena 3. Athena is still born and emerges from the top of Zeus’ head fully armed iii. Zeus and Themis (a Titan)1. Zeus is a god of justice; Themis: “established custom, tradition”2. Their children:a. Eunomia: “Lawfullness, law-abidingness”b. Dike: “justice”c. Eirene: “peace”d. The Fates: the moria, “portion”i. Clotho (“Spinner”)ii. Lachesis (“Measurer”)iii. Attropos (“Inflexible”, cannot be persuaded or denied when deciding your destiny)iv. Zeus and Mnemosyne (a Titan):1. Their children are the MUSES 2. Mnemosyne: “Memory”3. Inspirers of poets and artists i. Zeus is thus associated with:i. Wisdom (ingested Metis, “wisdom”)ii. Law, justice, and order (Themis and her children)iii. Fate (father of Moirai, “The Fates”)iv. The arts and inspiration (father of the Muses)j. Zeus takes his sister, Hera, for his wifei. Heiros gamos (“sacred marriage”)ii. Children:1. Hebe (goddess of youth)2. Eileithyia (goddess of childbirth)3. Ares (god of war)2. Prometheus3. Pandora4. The ages of