Lecture 11 ANTH 170c1 Outline of Last Lecture I Cell division II Menstruation cycles and cancer risk III Menstrual cycling patterns in natural fertility societies IV Menstrual cycling patterns in modern contraceptive populations V Increased risk of breast cancer in modern societies compared with non contraceptive societies VI Additional factors VII Male reproductive cancers VIII Testosterone and competition Outline of Current Lecture I Definition of Obesity II Humans as supreme fat stores III Body fat on average IV BMI genes and environment V Thrifty Gene Hypothesis Current Lecture Title Obesity I Definition of Obesity A When an individual has a level of body fat that leads to adverse effects on health B When BMI Body mass index weight in kg height in meters 2 C Crude measurements 1 Different populations store body fat differently different areas II Humans as supreme fat stores A Humans have high metabolic requirements require a lot of energy a Large brains 20 of daily energy b Long day ranges walk many miles to obtain high quality food B Fat especially important for human infants and females a Infants around 70 of daily energy used on brain III Body fat on average A Human male 12 B Human female 25 a Breasts and butt IV BMI genes and environment A identical twins 74 B fraternal twins 32 C siblings 25 D parents 19 E adoptive 06 F spouses 12 V Thrifty Gene Hypothesis A James V Neel 1962 B Poor nutrition as a fetus or child predisposes an individual to be good at storing fat because their body expects a nutrient limited environment 1 This would be adaptive if the environment was actually nutrient limited 2 leads to obesity in modern environments 3 Seems to be selection against diabetes related
View Full Document
Unlocking...