the baltimorerowhouse grammarsupported by CERLCarnegie Mellon Universityramesh krishnamurtikui yue • casey hickersonPILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building TypesPILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL overview•Baltimore Rowhouses–Scope of the Corpus–Common Patterns•Shape Grammars•The Rowhouse Grammar–Conventions and Assumptions–Grammar Rules•Example: Riddell-Carroll House•Further Work2baltimore rowhousesPILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL •defined–typical working-class residence, built ca. 1780-1890–exemplified by Baltimore’s Federal Hill neighborhood•declared a National Register Historic District in 1970–federal, Greek revival and Italianate styles•major sources–Heywood ME. 1981. “Urban Vernacular Architecture in Nineteenth-Century Baltimore.” Winterthur Portfolio 16(1). 33-63.–Heywood ME, Belfoure C. 2002. The Baltimore Rowhouse. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.–Hayward ME, Shivers FR. 2004. The Architecture of Baltimore: An Illustrated History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.3PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL scope of the corpus•focusing specifically on vernacular rowhouses•reasons for excluding contemporary rowhouses–traditional rowhouses form a fairly distinct class–contemporary rowhouses diverge significantly from vernacular forms; conflating them with traditional rowhouses would produce a less coherent grammar–some new rowhouses may be added to this grammar; others may require a separate grammar4PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL common patterns•two or three blocks deep–front: parlor, bedrooms (upstairs), stairway, dining room, hallway–back: kitchen, dining room, auxiliary rooms–middle: hallway, stairway, pantry•two or three bays wide–bays are defined by front windows and doors–three bays: front hallway; two bays: no hallway•one or two spaces deep–both front and back blocks•block orientations–blocks may be mirrored in various ways•various staircase, fireplace, window and door patterns5PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL baltimore rowhouse grammar6PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL baltimore rowhouse grammar6•consists of 52 rules in 8 phases•conventions unique to this grammar–every rule is either required or optional•required rules must be applied, if possible•optional rules may be applied at the user’s discretion•the set of optional rules applied by the user determines the design outcome–rules must be applied in sequential order–when applied, rules must be applied exhaustively–shapes are situated within a two-dimensional space (U2) with fixed front, back, left and right directionsPILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL labels•local labels–attach to a subshape (specifically a point, line or void) within the working design and shape rules–primarily used to establish identities and locations–format: Xyz(a)•X: space type (Room; Stair; Hallway)•y: primary location (front, back, middle)•z: secondary location (front, back, middle, single)•a: orientation of boundary wall (front, back, left, right)–ex. Rfb(b) = Room front back (back) = back room of dining room7PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL labels•global labels–do not attach to a subshape–primarily used to control rule applicability–each has a Boolean value, false by default–ex. stairFront [the front block contains a stair], doorBack [the back block contains an exterior door], connected [all blocks are linked]8PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL phases•grammar rules are frequently grouped into phases–phase: a set of related shape rules that may be applied at a given point in the grammar interpretation •the rowhouse grammar consists of 8 “soft” phases:1. block generation (1-4)2. space generation (5-7)3. stair generation (8-17)4. fireplace generation (18-22)5. space modification (23-24)6. front exterior feature generation (25-29)7. middle and back exterior feature generation (30-39)8. interior feature generation (40-52)•each individual rule must be applied at a specific point during interpretation, so these are not “hard” phases9PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL block generation1. generate the front block (req)2. mirror the front block (opt)3. generate the back block (opt)•houses without back blocks do exist, but they are rare.•this rule allows the back block to be mirrored, relative to the front block4. generate the middle block (opt)10PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL space generation5. generate a hallway in the front block (opt)•this rule determines whether the rowhouse is two or three bays wide6. generate two spaces within the front block (opt)7. generate two spaces within the back block (opt)11PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL stair generation8. generate a stair at the back wall of a single-space front block (opt)9. generate a stair between the two spaces of a double-space front block (opt)10. modify the stair generated by rule 9 if it runs the entire width of the house (req)11. generate a partial width stair in the front hallway (opt)12. generate a full-width stair in the front hallway (opt)12PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL stair generation ...1313. generate a stair in the middle block (opt)14. generate a stair at the front of a single-space back block (req)•This rule is required because it is the last possible rule that generates one of the required stairs. As such, it constitutes the default case. Note that the global rule prevents it from matching if a stair has already been generated.15. generate a partial-width stair between the two spaces of a double-space back block (opt)16. generate a full-width stair between the two spaces of a double-space back block (opt)17. generate an accessory stair on the back wall of the back room of a back block (opt)PILOT: Predicting Interior Layouts Over building Types Supported by CERL fireplace generation18. generate the fireplace in the parlor (req)19. generate a fireplace in the dining room (opt)20. generate back-block fire