48-747 Shape Grammars !The$Grammar$of$Taiwanese$Traditional$Vernacular$Houses!my!variation(on(a(theme(a!personal!motivation!undertake(a(study$of(an(architectural(style,(extract$from(it(mathematical(and(computational$principles,(formalized$into(a(system$of(compositional(rules,(that(can(be(described(in(a(language$–(which,((ultimately,(will(provide(the(means((for(visual$and(interactive$explorations$on(a(computer(a!public!why?!Historic(preservation(of(Chinese(buildings(Effect(on(contemporary(Chinese(designs(Teaching(of(Chinese(architecture(and(architectural(history(a!cultural!excursion!+!a!variation!on!a!theme!no extant plans … no drawings, no designs (as such) (instead) there was a process – the gao-chiwhat!is!traditional!taiwanese!architecture?!chinese(Hàn(Mãn( Méng(Huí( Zàng … Quán(Min-nán Kè-jiã … Zhãng(Min-nán People!STYLE(in(“traditional”(style(PLACE(island(of(Taiwan((Formosa),(the(Republic(of(China(PERIOD(prior(to(1920(southern!style!chinese(architecture(influence(of(Fujian(and(Guangdong(architecture(on(the(province(of(Taiwan(based(on(the(work(of(chiou,(shang‐chia(a!branch!of!chinese!architecture!Northern!Style!!Northeast(China((Great(Wall((Loess(Plain((North(China(Plain(Southern!Style!!Middle(lower(Yangzi(River((South(Yangzi(River(Hill((Southeast$Coast$(Southwest(Western!Style!!Northern((Northwestern((Qinghai‐Xizang((Tibet)(architectural!style!of!the!south!east!coast!Taiwan(Fú‐jiàn(Guâng‐dõng(… … … Min-nán Kè-jiã Guâng‐dõng( Quán Zhâng Kè-jiã Fú(factors!that!affect!chinese!architecture!people(courtyard(roof(feng‐shui(human(proportions(confucian(order(yi(ching((change)(courtyard!style!predominantly northern style predominantly southern style si‐hé&yuàn&san‐hé&yuàn&si‐hé&yuàn&san‐hé&yuàn&courtyard!style!!spatial!concept!–(boundary(of(human(beings(compositional unitethical order conceptroof!style!northern style southern styleroofs!Ju-zhe Ju-jiaroofs!Ju-zhe Ju-jiaroofs!to live and work in harmony universal life breath, qi (Jiang-xi) earthly forms (Fu-jian) cosmology schools "A site should be surrounded on three sides by higher land, like the crook of the elbow in a curved arm, to provide protection from inclement weather or an enemy. The lie of the land should be gently sloping and, if possible, there should be a river or valley nearby to allow surface water to drain easily.” The Burial Book (Zang-shu trans. by Lawrence Liu (1989) feng‐shui:!wind(+(water(yi‐jing!(change)(heaven yang yin qian dui li zhen xun kan gen kun lake sun thunder wind moon mountain earth father youngest daughter middle daughter eldest son eldest daughter middle son youngest son mother 9 4 3 8 2 7 6 1 9 8 8 7 8 7 7 6heavenly!orders!lu!ban!measurements!Lu!Ban!ruler!A(Lu(Ban(foot(=(10(Lu(Ban(inches(=(29.69(cms(Opening!Ruler!(Mén‐guãng(chî)(8(intervals(=(1'(4.4"(=(42.76(cms(Worship!Ruler!(Ding‐lán(chî)(10(intervals(=(1'(2.8"(=(38.01(cms(Stride!Measure((bù‐fâ) (a(stride(=(4'(5"((1.336(m)(Step!Measure((tà‐fâ) (a(step(=(3.5"((10.6(cms)(lu!ban!our!world!1. Examine(site,(choose(auspicious(orientation(2. Negotiate((artisan,(owner,(geomancer)(3. Decide(upon(the(‘form’(4. Purchase(materials(5. Breaking(ground((ceremony)(6. Marking(the(layout(on(the(site(7. Construct(platform(8. Construct(main(walls(9. Erect(main(walls,(place(main(beams(10. Construct(roof(and(mortar(walls(11. Clean(up(12. Thanking(the(gods((ceremony)(Symmetrical + orthogonal structuring Courtyard Longitudinal axis (major axis) orientation Jin (enclosures) Lu (routes)taiwanese!grammar Defining(the(initial(shape(Defining(the(scales(of(the(building(Computing(the(fortunate(dimensions(of(the(central(room(Generating(the(central(room(Adding(extra(space(to(the(central(room(and(refining(it(Adding(openings(to(the(central(room(Extending(the(main(building(by(adding(rooms(laterally(Refining(the(main(building(with(openings(and(extra(space(Generating(a(courtyard(Generating(a(secondary(building(Clearing(labels(Generating(the(raised(platform(Generating(the(form(of(the(central(room(Generating(the(entire(form(of(the(main(and(secondary(building(zhou!family!house!Defining(the(initial(shape(Defining(the(scales(of(the(building(Computing(the(fortunate(dimensions(Generating(the(central(room(Adding(extra(space(to(the(central(room(and(refining(it(Adding(openings(to(the(central(room(Extending(the(main(building(by(adding(rooms(laterally(on(each(side(Refining(the(main(building(with(openings(and(extra(spaces(Generating(courtyard(Generating(the(layout(of(the(secondary(building(Clearing(labels(Generating(the(raised(platform(Generating(the(form(of(the(central(room(Generating(the(entire(form(of(the(main(and(secondary(buildings(zhou!family!home!perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away antoine de saint exupéry
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