02 09 2014 Disclaimer this guide is not intended to provide all information necessary to achieve perfection on this exam It is only intended to help you structure and organize your studying activities Concepts to Know 1 Anthropology a understand what anthropology does and what the focus of research is b know the four subfields as well as academic versus applied research c understand what anthropological fieldwork is the techniques the role in research 2 Culture a know how we define and understand what culture is in anthropology b identify and describe the different traits of culture c understand the different aspects of cultural behavior d be able to explain the different forms of culture change e understand what cultural relativism is and its use in anthropology f think about the different ways anthropologists theorize about culture 3 Language and culture a how do we think about defining what human language is b what is language and how is it structured c what is the relationship of language and culture o i think about what focal vocabularies are and what they mean for a culture ii what does the Sapir Whorf hypothesis say iii how does change impact the language and culture relationship d think about how a language reflects cultural beliefs and social organization o i gender and language ii social status and language 4 Modern Theory of Evolution a what does the theory of evolution assert o i understand the evolution and creationist controversy o ii think about the development of the theory iii lnow what Darwinian Evolution is particularly by understanding the principle of natural selection b understand what Mendelian Genetics added to the Theory of Evolution o i understand the principles of segregation dominance and recessive as well as independent assortment and recombination c what does Biochemical Genetics add to the Theory of Evolution d identify the different ways population genetic frequencies can change in terms of natural selection genetic drift and gene flow e how does evolution happen slowly quickly what is punctuated equilibrium f what are the different concepts that together make up the modern synthesis of evolution book notes Anthropology The study of the human species and its immediate ancestors Holistic Encompassing past present and future biology society language and culture Culture Traditions and customs transmitted through learning Foraging Hunting and gathering of nature s bounty General anthropology Anthropology as a whole o Cultural archaeological biological and linguistic anthropology Biocultural Combining biological and cultural approaches to a given problem Cultural anthropology The comparative cross cultural study of human society and culture Ethnography Fieldwork in a particular cultural setting The activity that provides an account of a particular group community society or culture Archaeological anthropology Reconstructs describes and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains Ethnology The discipline that examines interprets and analyzes the results of ethnography Which of the following are human biological capacities upon which culture depends The ability to learn The ability to think symbolically The ability to use language The invention of pressurized airplane cabins equipped with oxygen masks in order to survive at high altitudes is an example of CULTURAL adaption Today s global economy and communications LINK ALL PEOPLE During the last ten thousand years the rate of human cultural adaption has ACCELERATED One of the most fundamental assumptions shared by all anthropologists is that A COMPARATIVE CROSS CULTURAL APPROACH IS ESSENTIAL Cultural forces MOLD HUMAN BIOLOGY Anthropologists have traditionally studied groups that are POOR The study of ecosystems that include people is known as HUMAN ECOLOGY The number of settlement levels in a city is a measure of SOCIAL COMPLEXITY The study of modern garbage sometimes known as garbology provides evidence of which of the following What people did Misconceptions people have of themselves According to Clyde Kluckhohn the imperative for anthropology is that is provides a scientific basis for Anthropology is A HUMANISTIC SCIENCE What are the five constituent specialties of biological anthropology Paleoanthropology Human genetics Human growth and development Human biological plasticity Primatology Language first developed in humans AT AN UNKNOWN TIME Cultural resource management CRM involves not only preserving sites but also ALLOWING INSIGNIFICAT SITES TO BE DESTROYED In an important study of Trobriand Islanders the psychological anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski did fieldwork that revealed MATRILLENAL DESCENT strong uncle son relationship Practicing or applied anthropology uses anthropological date perspectives theory and methods to ADDRESS CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS The field that considers variations in languages over time is known as HISTORICAL linguistics According to Charles Darwin the variety that exists within populations permits variation in individuals ability to SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE Biological anthropologists study which of the following factors that influence human bodies during their development TEMPERATURE STANDARDS OF ATTRACTIVENESS ALTITUDE As industrialization has spread which of the following have occurred to the field of anthropology IT HAS FOCUSED INCREASINGLY ON INNER CITY LIFE IT HAS CONVERGED WITH SOCIOLOGY IT HAS BEGUN TO EXAMINE MASS MEDIA S CULTURAL INFLUENCE Which of the following are true of anthropology IT IS A COMPARITVE FIELD OF STUDY IT IS THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES AND ITS IMMEDIATE ANCESTORS IT IS THE STUDY OF ALL SOCIETIES 02 09 2014 Which of the following are reasons why Bronislaw Malinowski s practical anthropology is no longer followed PRACTICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LEGITIMIZED AND SUPPORTED COLONIALISM PRACTICAL ANTHROPOLOGY FOCUSED ON WESTERNIZATION AND THE DIFFUSION OF EUROPEAN CULTURE INTO TRIBAL SOCIETIES The shift from academic to applied anthropology has benefited the profession because IT HAS FORCED ANTHROPOLGISTS TO CONSIDER THE WIDER SOCIAL VALUE AND IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR RESEARCH Modern applied anthropology usually is seen as a HELPING profession with anthropologists speaking up for the disenfranchised Proper roles for applied anthropologists are PROTECTING LOCAL PEOPLE FROM HARMFUL POLICIES AND PROJECTS THAT MAY THREATEN THEM IDENIFYING NEEDS FOR CHANGE THAT LOCAL PEOPLE PERCEIVE WORKING WITH LOCAL PEOPLE TO DESIGN CULTURALLY