CHEM 2211 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Organic acids and bases Outline of Current Lecture I types of carbons a an hydrogens II common nomenclature naming Current Lecture Types of Carbon There are three types of carbon 1 primary 2 secondary 3 tertiary Primary C a primary carbon is a carbon that is only bonded to one other carbon Secondary C a secondary carbons is a carbon that is bonded to two other carbons Tertiary C a tertiary carbon is a carbon bonded to three other carbons There are also three types of hydrogens Primary H is all the hydrogens bonded to a primary carbon there are usually 3 primary hydrogens These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Secondary H is all the hydrogens bonded to a secondary carbon there are usually 2 secondary hydrogens per secondary carbon Tertiary H the hydrogens bonded to a tertiary carbon there are usually only 1 hydrogen per tertiary carbon Common nomenclature naming Alkanes consist of all single bonds C C and C H only Named by using prefix than ane at end The longer the chain the higher the melting point boiling point and densities go Ex Pentane Chain is 5 carbons Only single bonds Only carbons and hydrogens So named with pent prefix and ane suffix Prefixes for nomenclature 1 Meth CH4 2 Eth CH3CH2 3 Prop CH3CH2CH2 4 But CH3CH2CH2CH2 5 Pent CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2 6 Hex CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 7 Hept CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 8 Oct CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 9 Non etc 10 Dec 11 Undec 12 Duodec 13 Tridec 14 Tetradec How to name alkyl substituents Alkyl subs are produced by removing a H from a alkane Alkyl subs are named by taking the ane and replacing it with yl If replaced with a OH o It becomes an alcohol NH2 o It becomes an amine X halides o It becomes an alkyl halide R O R o It becomes an ether o R represents any two groups mostly an oxygen placed between two carbon groups Examples of each Alcohol o CH3CH2OH in skeletal OH o Split up CH3CH2 and OH o OH makes it an alcohol o CH3Ch2 is an ethyl group o Name ethylalcohol Amine o CH3CH2CH2NH2 in skeletal NH2 o NH2 is amine group o CH3CH2CH2 is propyl group o Name propylamine Halides o CH3I in skeletal I o I is the halide o CH3 is methyl o Name methylIodide Ether o CH3CH2OCH3 in skeletal O o Separate it into parts o CH3CH2 is ethyl o CH3 is methyl on the other side o The O in the middle makes it an ether o Name goes alphabetically o Name methyl ethyl ether Isomers of compounds branched alkanes NIsoSecTert Stands for normal It is used in common naming Ex n butyl bromide Br o 4 carbons o 1 bromide o All in line no branches Best described as split at the end Ex Iso butane N Iso Sec or s Attached to a carbon attached to two other carbons Ex Sec butyl Tert or T Attached to a carbon attached to 3 other carbons Ex of a tert group tert butyl
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