GEO 102 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I What is Science Outline of Current Lecture II Elements A Atomic numbers III Bond Types a Van Der Waals Force IV Molecules V Minerals Current Lecture What the Earth is made of Elements categories of atoms number of protons determines what the element is Atomic number The number of electrons determines what other elements an atom can bond with valence electrons ions Electrons are really important Where the charge imbalance comes from Neutrons plus protons determines the weight atomic mass Bond Types Ionic Bonding Giving up electrons Covalent Bonding Sharing electrons Metallic Bonding Transferring back and forth freely These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Electricity Van Der Waals Force Attraction between positive and negative charges on opposite side of a crystal Isotopes Isotope never changes mass is the main difference between isotopes of the same element Radioactive Isotope Decays into other elements releases radioactivity in the process occurs at a predictable rate age dating Molecules atoms held together by bonds smallest unit of matter above atoms only certain patterns are possible some elements come together in a fixed pattern they are minerals Minerals fundamental building block of rock Repeating pattern is called a lattice must use chemical reactions to break rocks down further can be isolated physically thousands of types has fixed physical properties
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