GEO 102 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 31-33Lecture 31 (November 19)Extinction - Permo-Triassic o 95% of marine life goneo 70% of all terrestrial life gone- 4 other big extinction eventso Many smaller extinction eventso Often coincident with geological periodsMesozoic-“The Age of Reptiles”- Although reptiles evolved in the late Paleozoic they became the dominant land fauna in the Mesozoic- Dinosaurs are only one type of large reptiles common then-there were many tohers that look like them superficiallyWhat is a Dinosaur?- Pelvic girdle- Strong evidence some were warm blooded- Laid eggs (some hatched them inside body)Birds and Dinosaurs- Pterodactyl was a bird-like dinosaur. - Many fossils that have both bird and reptile characteristics have been found- More “missing links” Extinction - Mesozoic ended by another extinction - 2nd biggest (~70%- most terrestrial)- Caused in part by meteorite impact(s)o Also Deccan Trap eruptions- Left a chemical signature- iridiumCaused radical changes to global environmentLecture 32 (November 24) What Happens when plates collide?- Ocean versus continental o Oceanic plates subducto Volcanic arcs and mountains- Ocean versus oceano Older, cooler, and denser plates o Volcanic arcs- Continent versus continento Collision, no subduction, thickened structureo Largest mountainsAppalachians - Taconic orogeny (496-440 million years ago)- Major events begano ~300 million years ago (Pangea)- Several events combined o Acadiano Alleghenian (Appalachian)Rocky Mountains- Laramide orogeny- ~70-80 million years ago until ~35-55 million years ago- Episodic- Convergent ocean-continental boundary- Little volcanism, low subduction angleAndes- Classic ocean-continental subduction- 200 million years ago to present- Altiplano contributed too Cenozoic cooling- 2nd highest rangeHimalayas- Highest mountain range- Still forming- Continent-continent collision- Led to Cenozoic coolingLecture 33 (December 5)Refer to the beginning of the course*theory, hypothesis, etcFocus on climate-modern change—Cenozoic cool period-what causes the ice sheets to fluctuate? Orbital changeMountain ranges/ Pangea -Appalachian mountains (oldest)-Himalayas (tallest) India hit Asia-Andes (subduction) growing-Rockies (subduction) North America growingHuman migration-different speciesUse a skeleton to explain geologic life/ what is missing and its partsOcean -rain drops become more acidic, which makes the ocean more acidicFlowers- formed in the MesozoicEnergy- comes from global warmingHimalayas cause weathering (shrinking)*pollenOil trap: stops fluid from getting to the surface. Causes- salt, shale, faultsDinosaurs: what they were like, lifestyle, structures are similar to birdsMammals: age of Cenozoic, know about source rocksCoal comes from plantsAncestors: what do we get from them? Hands/ armsSpinal cord tells us if the animal could walk uprightTeeth: gives us evidence of behavior (most
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