League of Nations – 4 November 2011- Created by Americans to be global security systemo Never global- Many successes  small outbreaks didn’t turn to major war- If League agreed acts of aggression were happening against a member, all states will respond according to size/ capacity  collective security, deterrence!- 63 states at peako Germany negotiates way in/ USSR joinso States come and go- By 1931 ability to succeed begins to diminishGeneral Weaknesses Structure 1: too legal  yes/ no decisions, not sensitive to power Structure 2: too strict  needed unanimity o Too difficult to obtain Membership never universal League begins to failo 1931- 1945 Japan invades Manchuria, China.o League condemns, Japans simply withdraws from League**League never goes to war- 1935: Italy invades Ethiopia  fear major war with Italy  economic sanctions against Italians- Rise of Nazi-Germanyappeasement of Hitler at Munich, Sudetenlando 1938 Germany withdraws from League- 1939: WWIIUnited Nations – basic fundaments in place by 1944, while war still going- Discussions begin by 1940  critical in noting its progression- June 1941, London Declaration  Europeans fighting against Nazis brought together to discuss institution- August 1941, Atlantic Charter  Discuss London Declarationo Wilson tells Churchill we need UN **War’s outcome is uncertain- January 1942  UN Declaration  alliance built around UN principles (26 nations)- Teheran, 1943  “Big 3” acknowledge UN- **Bretton Woods, NH, 1944  DDayo Established economic structure of UN (IMF, IBRD [intnl bank of reconstruction/development]  World Bank)1. Starting to be successful in war2. Roosevelt/ Churchill note economic problems may have caused wara. Hyperinflation, lack of exchange rate, tariffs as punishmento Tried to create ITO (intnl trade org.) – failed by US Senate- **Dumbarton Oaks, DC – creates formal structure of UNo World court, secretariat, bureaucracy, UN Gen. Assembly  1 state/ 1 voteo UN Securite Council  important step against problems in 1919/1920 Takes power into consideration We need big states but we can’t force them, therefore, give them choices Permanent members