BCOR 370 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide What is motivation Motivation is the process by which behavior is energized directed and maintained What is the motivation process Unsatisfied needs tension drives behavior satisfied needs reduction of tension What are two theories of motivation Theory X little ambition dislikes work avoids responsibility Theory Y self directed enjoys woek accepts responsibility What is Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Self actualization Esteem Social Safety Psychological What is Hertzberg s Two Factor Theory Hertzberg s Two Factor Theory Dissatisfaction Demotivation Hygiene Factors Positive satisfaction And motivation Not dissatisfied But not motivated Comapnay policies Quality of supervision Relations with others Personal life Rate of pay Job sercuriy Working conditions Motivational Factors Achievement Career advancement Personal growth Job interest Recognition Responsibility What is Equity Theory Equity theory is based on perceptions of fairness Perceived inequities can cause certain behaviors The ratio of equity theory is composed of outcomes over incomes Outcomes are received as a result of doing the job Incomes are contributions made to the job Ways to predict outcomes of inequity include change inputs attempt to change outcomes cognitive reevaluation attempt to get other to change inputs or outcomes pick another other leave the field withdraw behavior What is communication The act of transmitting information thoughts and processes through various channels What are some barriers to communication Differing perceptions language differences noise conflicting nonverbal cues and poor listening are all barriers to communication What is nonverbal communication Facial expressions tone of voice gestures and body movements are all forms of nonverbal communication Actual words play a relatively small role in communication Verbal communication makes up 7 of a conversation while vocal makes up 38 and facial makes up 55 What is conflict Conflict is real or perceived differences in interest between two or more individuals groups or organizations There are three views of conflict 1 Traditional conflict is bad and should be avoided 2 Human relations conflict is inevitable and should be accepted 3 Interactionist some conflict can be helpful and should be encouraged What are styles of conflict handling Some styles of conflict handling include avoiding accommodating competing compromising and collaborating integrating What should negation do Negotiation should produce a wise agreement if agreement is possible be efficient not damage the relationships of the parties involved How do we usually negotiate We negotiate using positional bargaining win lose bargaining distributive bargaining or zero sum game my gain is your loss Explain positional bargaining Positional bargaining produces unwise agreements Ego becomes identified with position Compromise solution often fails to meet needs of those involved Positional bargaining is also inefficient The more extreme the positions and smaller the concession the more time wasted In addition positional bargaining damages relationships It becomes a contest of wills that can damage or destroy a relationship What is a better solution Principled negotiating win win negotiating and integrative bargaining are all better solutions compared to positional bargaining Goal is a settlement that involves no loss to either party Explain principled negotiating Principled negotiating separates the people from the problem The goal is to attack the problem not the people The parties involved should unite and face the problem together Principled negotiating also focuses on interests and not positions The objective is to satisfying underlying interests positions only hinder Interests should be identified and then work towards a solution that satisfies all Principled negotiating should generate a variety of possibilities When multiple possibilities are made all parties involved have a better chance of finding the best solution Adversarial situations limit vision Lastly insist on some fair standard What is a team A team is a group of individuals engaged in collective work that required joint effort and generates positive synergy What are stages of team development Forming uncertainty storming conflict norming cohesiveness performing functionality What are types of work teams Problem solving functional self managed cross functional What are characteristics of effective teams clear unity of purpose self conscious clear and demanding goals informal comfortable relaxed extensive participation in discussions freedom to express ideas disagreement is viewed as good general agreement on decisions everyone carries their weight frequent constructive criticism shared leadership Successful self leadership Self leadership strategies are effective in teams Balance the me with the we not too individualistic or too cohesive Practice teamthink avoid groupthink Characteristics of groupthink Social pressure against divergent views self censorship of ideas illusion of invulnerability striving for an illusion of unanimity stereotyped views of enemies and illusion of morality Characteristics of teamthink Encourage divergent views open expression of ideas awareness of limitations recognition of individual opinions and uniqueness utilization of non stereotypical views recognition of ethical consequences What is control Control is the process of monitoring activities and correcting deviations from standards Any tool that helps managers use information to influence behavior and affect performance What are types of control Input preliminary control anticipated problems Processes screening control corrects problems as they happen outputs post action control corrects problems after they occur Examples of controls MIS Financial statements o Balance sheets o Income statements Ratio analysis Audits Budgets What is entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the process of initiating a business venture organizing the necessary resources and assuming the associated risks and rewards What is an entrepreneur An entrepreneur is someone who recognizes a viable idea for a business product or service and carries it out What are some characteristics of entrepreneurs Internal locus of control high energy level need to achieve self confidence time sensitiveimpatient and high tolerance for ambiguity What is management Management is the process of achieving goals effectively and efficiently through and