CHM1045 Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I II III IV I Conduct electricity in solution Ionization of acetic acid Precipitation Reactions Precipitation of Lead Iodide i Example 1 Writing net ionic equations ii Example 2 Outline of Current Lecture II Properties of Acids III Properties of Bases IV Acids V Neutralization Reaction VI Neutralization Reaction Involving a Weak Electrolyte VII Neutralization Reaction Producing a Gas VIII Oxidation Reduction Reactions Current Lecture Properties of Acids Have a sour taste Vinegar owes its taste to acetic acid Citrus fruits contain citric acid Cause color changes in plant dyes React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas 2HCl aq Mg s MgCl2 aq H2 g React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas Properties of Bases Have a bitter taste Feel slippery Many soaps contain bases Cause color changes in plant dyes Aqueous base solutions conduct electricity Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H H3O in water HCl H20 H3O ClHydronium ion hydrated proton H3O Acids A Br nsted acid is a proton donor A Br nsted base is a proton acceptor NH3 Base H2O acid NH4 OH A Br nsted acid must contain at least one ionizable proton Monoprotic acids HCl H ClHNO3 H NO3CH3COOH H CH3COO Strong electrolyte strong acid Strong electrolyte strong acid Weak electrolyte weak acid Diprotic acids H2SO4 H HSO4 HSO4 H SO42 Strong electrolyte strong acid Weak electrolyte weak acid Triprotic acids H3PO4 H H2PO4H2PO4 H HPO42HPO42 H PO43 Weak electrolyte weak acid Weak electrolyte weak acid Weak electrolyte weak acid Example 1 Classify each of the following species in aqueous solution as a Br nsted acid or base a HBr HBr H Br aq therefore bronsted acid b NO 2 NO 2 aq H HNO2 aq Bronsted acid c HCO 3 HCO3 aq H CO2 3 Bronsted Acid Neutralization Reaction acid base salt water HCl aq NaOH aq NaCl aq H2O H Cl Na OH Na Cl H2O H OH H2O Neutralization Reaction Involving a Weak Electrolyte weak acid base salt water HCN aq NaOH aq NaCN aq H2O HCN Na OH Na CN H2O HCN OH CN H2O Example 2 Write molecular ionic and net ionic equations for each of the following acid base reactions a hydrobromic acid aq barium hydroxide aq b sulfuric acid aq potassium hydroxide aq a 2HBR aq Ba OH 2 BaBr2 2H2O molecular 2H 2Br Ba2 2OH Ba2 2Br 2H2O ionic H OH H2O net ionic b H2SO4 2KOH K2SO4 2H2O molecular H HSO4 2K 2OH 2K SO 2 4 2H2O ionic H HSO4 2OH SO2 4 2H2O net ionic Neutralization Reaction Producing a Gas acid base salt water CO2 2HCl aq Na2CO3 aq 2NaCl aq H2O CO2 2H 2Cl 2Na CO32 2Na 2Cl H2O CO2 2H CO32 H2O CO2 Oxidation Reduction Reactions electron transfer reactions 2Mg 2Mg2 4eOxidation half reaction lose e O2 4e 2O2Reduction half reaction gain e 2 2Mg O2 4e 2Mg 2O2 4e2Mg O2 2MgO
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