CHM1045 Lecture 5 Outline of Last LectureI. Daltons Atomic Theory:II. Cathode Ray TubeIII. Millikan’s Experiment:IV. Rutherford’s ExperimentV. Chadwick’s ExperimentVI. Atomic#/Mass #/IsotopesVII. MoleculesVIII. IonsOutline of Current LectureI. Formulas:II. Ionic CompoundsIII. Chemical NomenclatureIV. Need to Memorize:Current LectureFormulas:Molecular Formula: Exact numbers of atoms in each elementEmpirical Formula: shows the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms in a substanceExample 1:Write the molecular formula of methanol, an organic solvent and antifreeze, from its ball-and-stick model, shown below. H-C-H H O- HCH4OIonic CompoundsIonic compounds consist of a combination of cations and anions.• The formula is usually the same as the empirical formula.• The sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in each formula unit must equal zero.- The most reactive metals and the most reactive nonmetals combine to form ionic compounds.- 2x+3=6 – Al2 O3 – 3x-2=-6 Al3+ O2-Example 2:Write the formula of magnesium nitride, containing the Mg2+ and N3− ions.Mg2+ N3-Mg3N2Chemical Nomenclature• Ionic Compounds– Often a metal + nonmetal– Anion (nonmetal), add “-ide” to element nameBaCl2 barium chlorideK2O potassium oxide, Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxideKNO3 potassium nitrate- Transition metal ionic compounds- indicate charge on metal with Roman numerals. FeCl2 2 Cl- -2 so Fe is +2 iron(II) chloride . FeCl3 3 Cl- -3 so Fe is +3 iron(III) chloride Cr2S3 3 S-2 -6 so Cr is +3 (6/2) chromium(III) sulfideNeed to Memorize:Ammonium:NH+4 Carbonate: CO2-3Chromate: CrO24Cyanide: CN-Dihydrogen Phosphate H2PO24Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate: Cr2O2-7Hydrogen phosphate: HPO24Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate ( HSO-4)Hydroxide: OH-Chlorate: (ClO-3)Phosphate: PO3-4dichromate: CrO2-7Hydroxide OH-Phosphate: PO3-4Nitrate NO-3Sulfate: SO2-4Nitrite NO-2Sulfite: SO2-3Permangate MnO-4 Thiocyanate: SCN-Example 1:Name the following compounds: (a) Cu(NO3)2(b) KH2PO4(c) NH4ClO3a. Copper (II) Nitrateb. Potassium dihydrogen Phosphatec. Ammonium ChlorateExample2:Write chemical formulas for the following compounds: (a) mercury(II) nitrite(b) cesium sulfide(c) calcium phosphatea. Hg2+NO-2 = Hg(NO2)2b. Cs1+ S2-Cs2Sc. Ca2+PO43- =
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