Lecture 7 ANTH 170c1 Outline of Last Lecture I Altruism II W D Hamilton III Why Kin Selection revolutionized our thinking IV Behavioral tendency is not he comprehension of selective benefits V Requirements for Kin Selection VI 2nd Evolutionary explanation for altruistic behaviors VII Examples of reciprocity VIII The group selection fallacy IX Cooperative behaviors and reproductive fitness X Does group selection occur XI Group Selection conclusion Outline of Current Lecture I Hominoids to Hominin to Homo A Hominoids B Hominins C Homo II Early hominins Australopiths A Between 2 6 mya in Africa B Derived traits C Ancestral traits III Benefits of bipedalism A Hypotheses IV Later Hominins A Genus Homo B Africa 2 3mya climate fluctuating drastically C Derived traits new to Homo Current Lecture Title Hominoids to Hominins to Homo I Hominoid to Hominin to homo A Hominoids apes B Hominins human ancestors after split from chimpanzee LCA last common ancestor C Homo Genus II Early hominins Australopiths A Between 2 6 mya in Africa B Derived traits 1 Bipedalism 2 Teeth big molars think enamel evidence that they ate c4 foods from the plains rather than forest C Ancestral traits 1 Brain size 2 Body size 3 Chimp like development or slightly slower 4 Longer arms 5 Earliest had opposable big toe 6 Curved bones in toes and fingers 7 Sub nasal prognathism 8 High degree of sexual dimorphism III Benefits of bipedalism A Hypotheses 1 Feeding adaptation reaching fruits overhead 2 Energetics IV Later Hominins A Genus Homo B Africa 2 3mya climate fluctuating drastically 1 Homologous ancestral traits with early hominins C Derived traits new to Homo 1 Shorter arms longer legs long waist enable more efficient running 2 Bigger brains 3 Slower development 4 Tool use 5 Smaller teeth 6 Less sexual dimorphism
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