CHAPTER 12 BIOL 2601 QUESTION EXAMPLES NOVEMBER 15 2025 1 Wild type bread mold can grow in a minimal medium without supplements while certain mutated strains can only grow in a minimal medium that is sup plemented with specific intermediates See the figure below for an overview of the arginine biosynthetic pathway A strain that can grow in a minimal medium containing arginine but NOT in minimal media containing citrulline nor in minimal media containing ornithine would have a mutation in the gene that encodes for A enzyme 1 B enzyme 2 C enzyme 3 D both enzymes 1 and 3 E both enzymes 2 and 3 2 Wild type bread mold can grow in a minimal medium without supplements while certain mutated strains can only grow in a minimal medium that is sup plemented with specific intermediates found in the following metabolic path way for arginine synthesis See the figure below for an overview of the arginine biosynthetic pathway A strain that can grow in minimal medium containing ornithine citrulline or arginine but not in minimal medium alone would have a mutation in the gene that encodes for A enzyme 1 B enzymes 1 2 and 3 C enzyme 2 D The strain would be the wild type with no genetic mutations E enzyme 3 3 The process that produces mRNA from DNA is called 4 The processes of transcription and translation are collectively known as A transcription B translation C replication D processing E post translational modification A RNA processing B gene duplication C protein synthesis D DNA synthesis E gene expression 5 is to transcription as are to translation A RNA spliceosome ribosomes B RNA polymerase ribosomes C RNA polymerase RNA spliceosomes D DNA polymerase RNA polymerase E DNA polymerase ribosomes 6 The transcription process in a eukaryotic gene directly produces A rRNA B pre mRNA C mRNA D DNA E Protein 7 An organized unit of DNA sequences that enables a segment of DNA to be tran scribed into RNA and ultimately results in the formation of a functional product is called a A chromosome B trait C allele D gene E expression 8 What products of nonstructural genes are never translated A transfer RNA B ribosomal RNA C messenger RNA D transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA E ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA Page 2 9 Which region of a structural gene contains the information that specifies an amino acid sequence A promoter region B transcribed region C terminator D regulatory sequence E enhancer region A promoter B enhancer C response element D transcription unit E regulatory sequence 10 Transcription begins near a site in the DNA called the 11 Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase in bacteria is INCOR RECT A It binds the promoter region of a gene B It is bound to a sigma factor during initiation of transcription C It synthesizes RNA D It catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 5 end of a growing RNA strand E It dissociates from the DNA at the terminator 12 If a DNA template strand has a sequence of 3 TACAATGTAGCC 5 the RNA 13 What protein is involved in synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes 14 What protein influences the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe genes produced from it will be which sequence A 3TACAATGTAGCC5 B 5ATGTTACATCGG3 C 5AUGUUACAUCGG3 D 3AUGUUACAUCGG5 E 3ATGTTACATCGG5 A RNA polymerase I B RNA polymerase II C RNA polymerase III D sigma factor E both RNA polymerase I and III A DNA polymerases B DNA helicases C transcription factors D snRNPs Page 3 E tRNA 15 Which of the following statements accurately describes transcription by RNA polymerase A RNA polymerase simultaneously transcribes both strands of DNA B It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5 to 3 direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 3 to 5 direction producing two identical transcripts C It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5 to 3 direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 5 to 3 direction producing two identical transcripts D It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5 to 3 direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 3 to 5 direction producing two different transcripts E It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5 to 3 direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 5 to 3 direction producing two different transcripts 16 What basic features of transcription is NOT shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes A Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have a promoter site B RNA polymerase transcribes genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes C Gene transcription involves initiation elongation and termination in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes D The complexity of protein components involved in transcription is similar for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes E The initiation of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes involves the interactions of more than one protein 17 Which of the following statements about RNA processing in eukaryotes is IN CORRECT A The excision of introns from pre mRNA is the only modification required to produce a mature mRNA B A protein RNA complex is used to remove introns from the pre mRNA C A poly A tail is added on to the 3 end of the mRNA D A 7 methylguanosine cap is added on to the 5 end of the mRNA E Modification occurs in the nucleus 18 Which of the following statements about the 5cap and mRNA processing is TRUE A The addition of a 5 cap to mRNA occurs while the pre mRNA is being made B The 5 cap causes the mRNA to be rapidly degraded C The 5 cap prevents the exit of mRNA from the nucleus D The 5 cap is added to the pre mRNA by splicesomes E The 5 cap is a group of adenosine molecules Page 4 19 What is the function of the poly A tail A The poly A tail is required for the termination of translation it is recognized by the release factor proteins B The poly A tail is required for the mRNA to resume its double helical structure C The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in eukaryotes D The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in prokaryotes E The poly A tail serves as a termination sequence for RNA polymerase III 20 What molecule s exhibit s self splicing 21 Intervening sequences that are transcribed but not translated into protein are A rRNA B tRNA C mRNA D rRNA and tRNA E rRNA and mRNA called A exons B introns C spliceosomes D transposons E transcription