Earth s Seasons Chapter 3 s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Earth orbits the sun once every days Edit Master text styles Elliptical Orbit Earth is to sun in the Second level northern hemisphere and away from Third level the sun in the northern hemisphere Fourth level Fifth level ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Seasonal Variations Our seasons are regulated by the of incoming solar radiation received at the surface Edit Master text styles Second level That amount is determined by 2 things Third level 1 of the 2 of Fourth level Fifth level How The Earth Is To The Sun Matters Far Less ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Seasonal Variations That amount is determined by 2 things 1 Angle of the sun Edit Master text styles 2 Length of daylight Second level Third level Higher sun angle More radiation over a atmosphere to pass Fourth level Fifth level area through means less and by air molecules ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Seasonal Variations That amount is determined by 2 things 1 Angle of the sun Edit Master text styles 2 Length of daylight Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Daylight Hours More is available from the Provides more opportunity for sun 14 hours Daylight Hours energy is available from the sun warmth 8 hours Provides opportunity for ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Seasonal Variations Northern Hemisphere Seasons Edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Astronomical summer begins on Fifth level 1 Summer Solstice The sun s rays are most in the northern hemisphere Daylight hours are and the sun is in the sky 2 Autumnal Equinox Astronomical fall begins on The sun s direct rays cross the Daylight hours get and the sun gets in the sky ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Seasonal Variations Northern Hemisphere Seasons 3 Winter Solstice Edit Master text styles Second level Third level the sky Astronomical winter begins on Fourth level Fifth level The sun s rays are most in the southern hemisphere Daylight hours are very 8 hours of sunlight and the sun is in 4 Vernal Equinox Astronomical spring begins on The sun s direct rays cross the equator Daylight hours get and the sun gets in the sky ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations Daytime Warming Insolation strikes the ground Edit Master text styles and heats the Second level Conduction in the lowest Third level layers air molecules in contact with the ground Air is a poor so conduction can t transfer all the heat upward Through thermals transport energy and from the surface Fourth level Fifth level ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations Daytime Heating Edit Master text styles Second level Third level Sun is highest at but maximum temp isn t reached until Lag between maximum insolation and outgoing radiation Fourth level Fifth level Morning Lows Around Sunrise Daytime Highs Late Afternoon Evening ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations Daytime Heating On a sunny day the air Edit Master text styles near the surface can be much Second level than the air a few meters above it Third level Big temp difference between our feet and head On a day mechanical mixing stirs up the lowest few inches and distributes heat Temp difference is in the lowest few feet Fourth level Fifth level ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations Nighttime Cooling Sun goes down Edit Master text styles Ground energy out Second level to space radiational cooling Third level Conduction of heat from lowest few inches of air into ground molecule to molecule then out to space Air closest to ground loses heat rapidly forming a Fourth level Fifth level ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations Nocturnal Radiation Inversion Edit Master text styles To get a strong inversion Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Calm No Low content nighttime hours ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations Nocturnal Radiation Inversion Edit Master text styles Night Second level Temperature Inversion Third level Fourth level Fifth level Temperature Inversion Night ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations The Effects of Clouds Heating Cloudy skies at night act as a Edit Master text styles Fourth level Keeps the outgoing radiation at the surface Second level Fifth level Third level Clear skies at night allows for release Allows the radiation to escape ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C Earth s Orbit Seasons Temperature Variations The Effects of Clouds Heating Edit Master text styles Cloudy skies at night act as a blanket Second level Keeps the outgoing Third level radiation at the surface warmer Fourth level Fifth level Clear skies at night allows for heat release Allows the outgoing radiation to escape cooler ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C The Controls of Temperature Latitude Land Water Distribution Edit Master text styles Ocean Currents Second level Elevation Third level Fourth level Fifth level ATM SC 1050 Introduction to Meteorology s a e S s h t r a E 3 r e t p a h C The Controls of Temperature Latitude Edit Master text styles Second level Third level sun angle and daylight hours over the On average temperatures over land masses as Fourth level we move from the to the poles Fifth level …