bs162 Common hw for genetics 1a To test the proposal select a species w diff color variations setup controlled experimental manipulate pollinator density species monitor measure flower color UV light absorption over time analysing groups in greenhouse composition in each group the data repeat the experiment w replicates 1b the differences factors but rather by and pollinator density in flower color ur absorbance are not controlled by genetic environmental factors but by environmental factors like species 1c a plant can change the color of pollinator density species its ability to absorb or light based on 1d WVabsorbance 3 1 4 0 Low Mid High Pollinator Density Figure legend the UV absorbance density conditions of petunias grown under low mid high 2 The process is mitosis Mitosis is the process of one parent cell division that makes two daughter cells from Purpose to facilitate growth repair tissues and also produce new cells for asexual reproduction 30 6b Ta7b 6a 8a8b number of cells 1 DNAis unreplicated The cell is diploid 2n n no of haploid of chromosomes in plant species 3 36 number of cells 1 DNAis replicated The cell is diploid 2n 8 8 n no of diploid plant species of chromosomes in 6 3C number of cells 2 DNAis replicated The cell is diploid n no of diploid plant species 3 of chromosomes in 3d homlogous pairs of chromosomes contain genetic information from both Having a homologous pairs the is haploid or diploid cell in a cell is related to whether 4 red petals CCC AAG TCC white petals CCC AAG T C mutation by deletion Criteria for drawing 1 nucleotide base model 2replicated chromosome the petal gene form for an individual that is heterozygors RW for nucleotide replicated Leterozygous base model RW The replicated chromosome sequences Red petals CC AAG TCC GGG TTC AGG White petals CCC AAG GGG TTC TCT AGA there are differences in petal color due to mutation 5 the process by which DNAis converted into a protein into phenotype DNA RNA protein b phenotype transcription translation expressed as the RNA and then the protein its so when function in this the DNAis different also changes hence color of case 67 Ga 4xx 8 8 P is a 678 M the flowers b number of cells 1 The DNAis replicated The cell n for the model 12 is diploid 62 The sister chromatids formed by replication hence an exact copy are similar in the chromsome 7 they are The 66 one from each parent homologous chromosomes iM TP are different a different allele of the same gene T xxx xxx in number of cells is 4 the DNAis replicated cell is diploid n 6 no of cells 4 the DNAis unreplicated haploid n 12 9 s 910 From of RW B2B2 FRB2 fRB2 FWB2 fWB2 from PR RW BIB3 FRBI FWB FRBB RWB3 alla punnett square of the cross b w of RW B2B2 FR RW BIB3 FRB2 FW B3 in referee weremorereare FWBL IIb the ratio of plants that make extra large flowers that have red whiter blue 4 out of 16 25 In the future to increase the ratio of plants that make extra large have 12 flowers PR B1B1 allelles And mix R W alleles red blue white we could cross my plants that that have 13 This plants mistake flowers has 3 chromosomes for 6 could not be produced There is BRW so there was Amniote Phylogeny and Evolution by Natural Selection 1 Amniotes are vertibrates Camniotic egg A that are characterized by the presence of this helps them on land without relying on aquatic environment The defining synapomorphy shared derived trait of amniotes is the presence of several membranes contains protect nourish the embryo an amniotic egg which is a structure that contain several membranes that that Because of 2 synapormorphies evolution and are surviving adaptations on land the amniotic in a reptile s For example embryo from dehydration and gases as they don t eggs water they can be hidden from predetors etc be hidden anywhere through pores The egg the allows embryo gets can shell protects the leathery for exchange of hydration These need to be near The hatchlings are also able to protect themselves Figure 1 Csnakes lizards Lepidosauria Cturtles Chelonia Crocodylia AvesIn Mammalia HAEMOTHERMA THECODONTIA EVAMNNOTA AMNIOTA Figure 2 Lepidosauria Mammalia Chelonia Aves dylia etudines Lissamphibia Crocodalia Mammalia saurs Aves gure 3 Archosauria Carchosaurus Diapsida diapsids Reptilia Creptiles Ammniota Camniotes Tetrapoda tetrapods a Mammalia Squatama udines erdylia Aves 5 The arrangements paleontological based on in identifying on overall relationships similarities amniotes of shown evidence which has among organisms in Figure Iwas limitations some as it relies In Figure 2 the recent hypotheses extand the sampling also existing taxa which organisms has of is presented it as limitations using only relies on is similar w Gardner s theory w 3 4 groups It being the same But molecular data from DNAsequences shown provides more of Figure evidence suggests turtles amniota which was observed in blw crocodiles 4 shows ancestor common not the a in Rig3 as an outgroup previous figures and turtles 6 The evolutionary relationship were initially based on fossil records among but organisms new tech gives more more initially they are omitted given a unified accuracy The neo Darwanian theory some relavent biological disciplies importance The different hypotheses provide theory of evolution which is followed by scientists and 7 An ancestor a monophyletic But reptiles are all its descendants is referred to as group which forms a claude not monophyletic because the dont Reptiles are paraphyletic they don t of Turtles a common ancestor lizards crocodiles and have ares or mammals include all the descendants snacks are all reptiles 8 No they shouldn t be Even though other lack mammals have they have a they all features are of lungs Mammals grouped w birds to an endothermic being birds mammals Birds and mammals extent they and ability to lactate ear bones which have the single jaw bone three middle sharks don t have Sharks like make sharks are exothermic like fishes but certain groups have developed endothermia Allele frequencies of toepad size TT Th It 9 20 000 15000 10000 500P before after Time dependent on hurricane Figure Legend Graph toepad size of of distribution frequencies the after the lizards before and hurricanes of 10 toepad size I small t large toepad size It tt tT it toepad size a small I large trepad size Allele frequencies of toepad size population lizards thousands of 20 000 15000 10000 500P II It 1995 2019 Year 11 a variation exists with the length of the limbs and trepad b variation