Name Section Lab Activity 1 Population Genetics II Datasheet 1 Observe the class data Which region has the highest percentage of individuals carrying a sickle cell allele Kinshasa has the highest percentage of individuals carrying a sickle cell allele 37 50 2 Consider the relationship between the prevalence of the sickle cell trait and the probability of contracting malaria Rank the three African regions from most likely to least likely to be exposed to malaria Most likely Kinshasa Intermediate Al Khartoum Least likely Johannesburg 3 Based on the class results where would you recommend the World Health Organization spend their malaria abatement funds Explain The WHO should spend their malaria abatement funds in Kinshasa because Kinshasa has the highest percentage of individuals carrying a sickle cell allele HbS HbA or HbS HbS As a result the likelihood of being homozygous HbS HbS for sickle cell anemia increases this genotype is not resistant to malaria response Thus there will be a higher prevalence of malaria in this region Refer to Figure 1 below and note that Anopheles mosquitos are more common in the darker shaded regions and less common in the lighter shaded areas of Africa These mosquitos transport the Plasmodium parasite so there is a direct correlation between the presence of the mosquito and malaria infection rates Revised Fall 2023 1 Name Section Figure 1 Anopheles mosquito zones Darker coloration indicates a wetter environment Figure 2 Risk and incidence of malaria Refer to the map posted in the lab and enter the approximate locations of Al Khartum Johannesburg and Kinshasa on the figure above 4 How do the relative percentages of sickle cell traits in these locations compare to the relative abundance of Anopheles mosquitos There is a positive correlation The place where there is the most Anopheles mosquitos corresponds to Kinshasa which has the highest HbS allele frequency and thus a higher prevalence of people who have malaria 5 As the malaria death rate increases what would you expect to happen to the number of sickle cell deaths I would expect the number of sickle cell deaths to increase 6 Explain your answer in terms of natural selection and the heterozygote advantage As there is an increase of malaria death natural selection will begin to select individuals that are carriers for the sickle cell allele heterozygotes as it will provide resistance to both malaria and sickle cell anemia This trait will help them survive and reproduce and thus as time goes on there will be more individuals who are heterozygotes Carriers of the sickle cell allele become the favorable trait and thus this will increase the frequency of the HbS allele However this comes at a cost as individuals who are homozygous for the sickle cell allele will also become more common those people will have sickle cell anemia Revised Fall 2023 2 Name Section 7 The sickle cell allele most likely originated when a mutation occurred in a normal hemoglobin allele If the trait arose in Africa where did it most likely originate It most likely originated in Kinshasa as this is where there is the highest percentage of individuals carrying a sickle cell allele The heterozygotes who carry this mutation survive and spread the mutation to nearby populations through migration Lab Activity 2 Basic Microscopy 1 What is the total magnification of your microscope when using a 40X objective 400x 2 Observe the demonstration slide of the Plasmodium parasite and sketch it below Revised Fall 2023 3 Name Section 3 Use your microscope to observe the normal and sickle cell blood specimen and sketch them below Revised Fall 2023 4 Name Section 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 e control control Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 TABLE 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 8 1 2 1 1 1 1 Sampl Lane Distance cm Genotype Sample Lane Distanc e cm Genotype Sampl e Lane Distance cm Genotype 1 control control 2 3 HbS HbS HbA HbA HbA HbA G1 HbS HbA G2 HbA HbA G3 HbS HbS G5 HbA HbA G6 HbA HbA G7 0 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 HbS HbS control HbA HbA control HbA HbA B1 HbA HbA B2 HbA HbA B3 HbA HbA B5 HbA HbA B6 HbA HbA B7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 HbA HbA G4 0 9 HbS HbA B4 1 0 1 4 1 0 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 0 1 4 1 1 1 4 HbS HbS HbA HbA HbS HbS HbA HbA HbA HbA HbS HbA HbS HbS HbA HbA HbS HbA HbA HbA 37 50 10 HbA HbA G8 10 1 1 HbA HbA B8 10 with sickle cell allele 18 75 with sickle cell allele 6 25 with sickle cell allele Revised Fall 2023 5