Fall 2004 - EXAM III - Form APage -1-Botany 101 - Fall 2004 - Exam III - Form AEach correct answer is worth two (2) points, so 50 correct answers will score 100 points. Thereare five (5) extra credit questions (#51 to #55), each worth two points, which will be scored asbonus points.1. True or False? The first law of thermodynamics states that: “Energy can neither becreated nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another.”a. Trueb. False2. By which of the following oxidative respiratory processes is glucose catabolized to yieldtwo C3 molecules?:a. glycolysisb. acetyl-CoA synthesisc. Krebs cycled. Hatch-Slack pathwaye. electron transport chain3. Which of the following is the C3 molecule, produced by the process mentioned inquestion 2, that moves from the cytoplasm to an organelle?:a. pyruvateb. malatec. 3PGA (3-phosphglyceric acid)d. dihydroxyacetone phosphatee. glycerol4. Which of the following is not considered to be a major step in aerobic respiration?:a. acetyl CoA synthesisb. the electron transport chainc. fermentationd. glycolysise. the citric acid cycle5. In which of the following steps of oxidative respiration is a carbon (C) atom from glucosefirst released as CO2 ?a. glycolysisb. the electron transport chainc. acetyl CoA synthesisd. glycolysise. the citric acid cycle6. Which of the following organic bases is a purine?:a. adenineb. cytosinec. uracild. thymineFall 2004 - EXAM III - Form APage -2-Figure 17.Which of the following sugars is a major component of RNA?:a. glucoseb. fructosec. ribosed. deoxyribosee. sucrose8. When CO2 becomes limiting, some plants use oxygen and give off CO2 in a light-dependent process called:a. photoassimilationb. photoameliorationc. photosynthesisd. photorespiratione. photodegradation9. What process is depicted in Figure 1?a. aminoacylationb. transcriptionc. replicationd. translatione. trepidation10. Typically, in what phase of the cell cycle does the processshown in Figure 1occur?a. prophaseb. anaphasec. G1d. G2e. S11. In Figure 1, which arrow points to the nascent leadingstrand?a. Bb. Cc. Dd. Ee. F12. In Figure 1, which arrow points to an Okazaki fragment?a. Bb. Cc. Dd. Ee. FFall 2004 - EXAM III - Form APage -3-Figure 213. Three of the following four scientists who pioneered the structure of DNA were awardedthe Nobel Prize. Who did NOT get a Nobel Prize?a. Rosalind Franklinb. Francis Crickc. James Watsond. Maurice Wilkins14. In the nucleus, DNA is wrapped around basic proteins called _____ to form _____a. histones; nucleolib. histones; chromatinc. hormones; kinetind. histones; kinetine. globulins; nucleosomes15. Fig. 2 shows a diagram of a gene. Which letter denotes the coding region?a. ab. bc. cd. ge. h16. Fig. 2 shows a diagram of a gene. Arrow (b) points to the promoter. Which of thefollowing functions is NOT a property of a promoter?a. Provides instructions for the amount of mRNA to be transcribed.b. Provides instructions for where (in what tissues) the mRNA is to be transcribed.c. Provides instructions for when (in what stage of development) the mRNA is to betranscribed.d. Provides instructions for the position at which replication will begin.17. Spacer DNA is the name given to the DNA between one nucleosome and the next. Thelength of this region is typically:a. 10 bpb. 20 bpc. 50 bpd. 100 bpe. 200 bpFall 2004 - EXAM III - Form APage -4-18. One of Mendel's laws was that of Independent Assortment, i.e. The inheritance of a pairof factors (genes) for one trait is independent of that for other factors (genes). In which ofthe following situations does this law NOT hold good?a. When the two genes are on different chromosomes.b. When the two genes define flower color and seed shape.c. When the two genes lie next to each other on a chromosome.d. When one gene is dominant and the other is recessive.e. When both genes are present in a monoecious plant.19. Who among the following was the first to study the pea traits of purple flower color, podcolor and seed shape?:a. Gregor Mendelb. Charles Darwinc. Josef Kölreuterd. Karl Friederich von Gaertnere. Carl von Linné20. Genes that affect more than one phenotypic characteristic are said to be:a. dominantb. recessivec. codominantd. incompletely dominante. pleiotropic21. 1983 Nobel prize-winner Barbara McClintock discovered:a. dominant genesb. transposable elementsc. disposable elementsd. serial genese. the genetic code22. Chemical modifications (e.g. methylation) of histones alter the availability of DNA, andhence genes, for expression. The study of such phenomena is known as:a. cytogeneticsb. Mendelian geneticsc. epigeneticsd. hypogeneticse. creationismFall 2004 - EXAM III - Form APage -5-23. The Hardy-Weinberg population genetics model predicts that the proportional frequenciesof dominant and recessive alleles will be maintained from generation to generation in arandomly mating population. Which of the following is not a constraint needed to makethis model hold good?:a. The population is largeb. Individuals do not move in or out of the populationc. Mutations occur randomly and frequentlyd. Reproduction is random, not selectivee. All alleles and combinations of alleles have equal fitness24. According to the Central Dogma established by Francis Crick, genetic information flows:DNA6RNA6 Protein. However, two U.S. scientists won the 1975 Nobel Prize fordiscovering an enzyme that catalyzes RNA6 DNA. What is the name of the enzyme?:a. DNA synthaseb. RNA synthasec. Reverse transcriptased. Transcription reversatasee. Reverse polymerase25. Who were the winners of the 1975 Nobel Prize mentioned in Question 24 for discoveringthe enzyme that drives the reaction RNA 6 DNA?:a. Temin and Baltimoreb. Watson and Teminc. Cohen and Baltimored. Crick and Temine. Watson and Crick26. Introns are removed from heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) in the ____ by a processknown as ____a. cytoplasm; polyadenylationb. nucleus; polyadenylationc. chloroplast; replicationd. nucleus; splicinge. nucleus; polyadenylation27. The type of RNA that is typically ~80 nucleotides in length is:a. cRNAb. mRNAc. miRNAd. rRNAe. tRNAFall 2004 - EXAM III - Form APage -6-Figure 3.Figure 4.28. In the coding region of mRNA, three adjacentnucleotides constitute a codon. How many ___different codons are there and how many ___ do notusually specify an amino acid?a. 20; 3b. 48; 2c. 62; 3d. 64; 3e. 64; 129. The process depicted in Fig. 3 is:a. replicationb. transcriptionc. cleavaged. translatione. proteolysis30. The process depicted