4 14 15 Week 13 Health Psychology Chapter 14 part 1 Positive Life Changes Sources of Stress Health Psychology a subfield of psychology that focuses on maintaining health preventing treating illness Biopsychosocial Model of Health the integration of biological psychological social factors in dealing with health related behaviors Health Behaviors practices that have an impact on physical well being Positive Life Change Q How do we get people to do more healthy behaviors stop doing unhealthy behaviors A Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Planned Behavior Theory of Reasoned Action we are likely to change our behavior if Not easy to meet all of these requirements we have specific intentions promise to self to change to try harder we often start like this its hard to get other people to do this with you it won t be maintenance b c they re doing it for you not themselves positive attitudes feel good about the change if people around you don t approve of the change it will be harder unsupportive bad influences approval of social group feel support from friends perception of control feel you have the power to change do you feel like you re going to resist temptation to change and continue healthy pattern Q what is the specific process of behavior change A Stages of Change Model 5 Step Process really 4 by which people give up bad habits adopt healthier lifestyle Stages of Change Model 1 Precontemplation not ready to change doing things unhealthy 2 Contemplation they need to change 3 Preparation Determination preparing to take action 4 Action Willpower enact a plan 5 Maintenance success over time work to maintain good habits Relapse a return to former unhealthy behavior patterns normal part of trying to change realize you messed up but know that it s not okay just because its normal Resources for Positive Change Motivation Social Relationships probably the most important variable in predicting overall health more likely to be healthy if you are valued by other people ex if you re isolated face issues you will be alone under more stress because you don t have support from others Social Support feedback from others that one is loved cared for valued and included in a network of communication 3 Benefits of Social Support 1 Tangible assistance people letting you borrow money when in need who do you call for help 2 Information ex when you get fired you have to pay bills call your friend for help they can t lend you money but tell you who is hiring 3 Emotional Support Social Support when someone cant give you tangible assistance or information they can be there for you to share support feeling better Religious Faith Personality Characteristics high levels in each of these traits lead to healthier longer lives organized ambitious people vs B personality who s laid back makes excuses Personality Characteristics Conscientiousness ex aware of what is healthy what is not healthy more likely to feel guilty when you re unhealthy Personal Control when you feel like the troubles that are happening are in your control you feel less stressed than not being able to control why all these bad things keep happening Self Efficacy ex how confident are you that you can accomplish this goal Optimism those who are negative give up and are depressed etc Correlations do not make causation Stress Health a little bit of stress anxiety is good motivation ex stress response to lion in front of you fight or flight if you didn t have any stress you d just lay down die Stress term used to describe physical emotional cognitive behavioral responses to events that are perceived as threatening or challenging stressors events that cause stress reactions all of these cause STRESS Decisions Adaptations Physical Threats Emotional Challenges Change Distress stress that is caused by unpleasant happenings Eustress stress that is caused by positive happenings Types of Stressors by severity Catastrophes unpredictable event that happens on a large scale Major Life Changes landmark events that change your life Hassles daily annoyances of life Types of Sources of Stress Pressure demands expectations placed upon you from some kind of outside sources Personal Control you feel that YOU are responsible for in control of your own behaviors choices you chose how much you re involved in bit off more than you can chew ex TIME is often the sources of pressure Learned Helplessness after repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events organisms will develop a tendency to remain in stressful situations even when escape is possible learned helplessness leads to increased illness depression and anxiety disorders their brains are also constructed as depressed as humans and actually look depressed ex abused child inability to get away from family will grow up to think that abuse is okay they won t leave relationships because they are just helpless ex experiment on dog being shocked he didn t change until he was shown he could help himself anxious rats wont explore new ramp and unstressed rat will explore Frustration occurs when people are blocked from achieving their goal Responses to Frustration Persistence Aggression Displacement Escape withdrawal Conflict not with another person inner conflicts when you need to make decisions about things decisions aren t easy must stress about them
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