1 CLP 4392 Midterm 2 Psychopathy in Children APSD Antisocial Process Screening Device 2 Factors 1 CU Callous Unemotional 2 I CP Impulsive Conduct Problems younger samples downward extension of the PCL R ages 6 13 NOT a self report a teacher or parent rates the child correlates higher scores on I CP high levels of reactive aggression high anxiety higher scores of CU higher levels of proactive aggression low great behavioral reactivity anxiety less behavioral reactivity subtype of conduct disorder with CU traits is more heritable than a subtype without CU traits Successful Psychopathy noncriminal psychopathy 3 different perspectives 1 subclinical manifestation 2 moderated expression 3 dual process perspective 1 subclinical manifestation of the disorder they have the same problem but less of it show these problems less strongly same underlying cause but with less severity less extreme 2 moderated expression of the full disorder have the exact same underlying causal factors to the same degree but have something else that is modifying or moderating it possess a separate compensatory characteristic 3 dual process perspective different causal factors contribute more to affective interpersonal features vs antisocial deviance two factors 1 fearless temperament weak defensive reactivity 2 disinhibited temperament disinhibition externalizing proneness weak inhibitory control 2 the difference between criminal and noncriminal phenotypes consists of moderating factors that shape the behavioral expression of the genotype criminal psychopaths F1 F2 noncriminal psychopaths F1 BUT NOT F2 Triarchic Model Disinhibition Boldness and Meanness Disinhibition externalizing problems general proneness to impulse control problems lack of behavioral and emotional restraint poor affect regulation weak behavioral restraint present focused F2 of PCL R Boldness fearlessness in different situations intersection of social dominance emotional imperturbability and venturesomeness calmness under pressure high self and social assurance tolerance for novelty and risk PPI 1 Meanness callous unemotional factors resource seeking without regard for others disaf liated agency unconcerned with other people but very concerned with getting what they want arrogance de ance lack of close relationships predatory aggression empowerment via cruelty and destruction F1 of PCL R PPI Psychopathic Personality Inventory used for non prison samples includes 2 UNCORRELATED factors PPI 1 fearless dominance boldness social potency dominance 3 stress immunity fearlessness PPI 2 impulsive antisociality externalizing proneness meanness carefree nonplanfulness Machiavellian Egocentricity rebellious nonconformity blame externalization adjustment vs maladjustment PPI 1 adjustment and maladjustment PPI 2 mostly maladjustment Temperament and Personality Personality the characteristic emotional cognitive and behavioral Temperament the component of personality that encompasses response patterns of an individual emotional characteristics and tendencies early appearing emotional characteristics presumed to be heritable emotion and emotion control that shows up early and builds across time MPQ Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire consists of 3 scales groups each is meant to measure a unique aspect of personality in a pure way 1 positive emotionality PEM social potency achievement well being social closeness 2 negative emotionality NEM stress reaction alienation aggression 3 constraint CON control harm avoidance traditionalism distinctions between personality pro les of one individual versus another measures a variety of different aspects of personality and makes ne 4 Etiology causes for psychopathy Cleckley viewed psychopathy as a basic underlying weakness in emotional sensitivity Lykken did a study to test this tested the hypothesis that primary psychopaths compared to secondary psychopaths and a control group would show de cient emotional reactivity primary vs secondary psychopaths primary lack of the normal affective accompaniments of experience neither neurotic motivations hereditary taint nor dissocial nature seem to be determining factors in these individuals secondary individuals who engage in chronic impulsive antisocial behavior but who display excessive negative emotion purpose of this study to examine whether primary psychopaths compared to secondary and controls show de cient emotional reactivity speci cally reduced anxiety what he found primary psychopaths showed less anxiety fearlessness on the APQ Activity Preference Questionnaire less GSR reactivity to a conditioned stimulus associated with shock and less avoidance of punished responses on a test of avoidance learning compared to normals secondary neurotic psychopaths scored signi cantly higher on the Taylor Anxiety Scale and the Welsh MMPI Anxiety Index both of which measure manifest anxiety Dual Process Model 1 trait fearlessness internalizing problems 2 externalizing vulnerability impulse control problems the two factors of PCL R re ect different underlying processes 1 Affective Interpersonal low fear higher threshold for defensive 2 Antisocial Deviance externalizing vulnerability measuring emotion feat potentiated started reactivity the result is a heightened reaction something scary is happening and then another scary thing happens the startle that is raised from the baseline is the fear potentiated startle the amygdala is associated with feelings of fear psychopaths do not show normal fear potentiated startle they are less 5 scared Algebra Aggression Megargee Model understanding analyzing aggressive behavior any aggressive act is the product of an interaction between characteristics of an individual person and the speci c circumstances situation surrounding the aggressive act 1 person instigation to aggression habit strength inhibitions to aggression 2 situation situational factors 3 reaction potential net strength of the aggressive response tendency after the inhibitory factors have been balanced against the excitatory factors