HLTH377 Winter Term 1 16 January 2014 Sexually Transmitted Infections I Sawyer s Statistics If there are 200 people in the room and are college students 40 50 of the sample will have an STI World War II Propaganda 1939 1945 Infidelity STDS o To qualify for an STD you have to be sexual transmissible o No difference between STI and STD except the connotation o These terms are interchangeable o There was a notion that cleanliness meant lesser chances of getting an STI College Student Population Represents 25 of the sexually active population in the United States Represents 50 of those with STIs STDs World War II Propaganda Americans were viewed as a sexual symbol The easy girl friend spreads Symphilis and Gonorrhea which unless properly treated may result in blindness insanity paralysis premature death o Sexist campaign o Females were seen as seductive and the cost of this seduction was an STD Drug Invented at the End of WWI Penicillin It was initially used to treat soldiers wounds but miraculously had the ability to cure STDs Reasons for Continuing Pandemic Mobility o It is easy to transmit diseases o Locally it is also difficult to track down an STD o Untreated STIs in women causes PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Social Stigma o Fear of extreme disapproval Ease of Cure o People do not take this seriously if the STI is easily killed o Gonorrhea is a bacterial disease that is easy to treat but is now developing a resistance o Just this year 9 cases of untreatable gonorrhea have occurred due to resistance to antibiotics o brought in depends on the number of cases reported o Not enough money to do contact tracing o Contacting partners about infection especially men Under reporting HLTH377 Winter Term 2 start exhibiting symptoms was six months Incubation periods are guesstimates Facts Vaginas have no nerve endings around the cervix therefore most women do not have any symptoms Inspecting Male Penis Inspect genitalia Look for Discharge Obtain sample and view under microscope o Male cannot urinate before giving sample o Go into the meatus and extract sample contacting women is an issue o Urethritis is infection of the urethra Increase in Asymptomatic Males in 1980s o Asymptomatic means person carries the disease but does not show symptoms Use of Oral Contraceptives o Particularly in the 1960s o More sex going on and people felt more comfortable with having sex o Since women could not get pregnant while using oral contraception sexual partners stopped using condoms Movement away from condom use until the 1980s o STIs proliferative o As of 1980 1981 HIV proliferated and became a huge issue Lack of education and knowledge o Tetracycline is one of the treatments for chlamydia o Perceived Susceptibility One of the biggest difficulties for educators Ways to Prevent STIs Abstinence Limiting the number of sexual partners Use a condom o This is the only true barrier method STIs with a Long Incubation Period Chlamydia the standard incubation period time you become infected to the time you HLTH377 Winter Term 3 16 January 2014 Sexually Transmitted Infections II Incubation periods The time one is infected to the time one is exhibiting symptoms Human Papilloma Virus HPV Condyloma Also known as genital warts Virus Incubation period 30 days but could be much longer Over 100 types of HPV At least 30 types that are sexually transmissible Can cause genital warts and or lead to cervical cancer o Does not hurt They may occur individually or in clusters Transmitted through friction during sexual intercourse Testing for women is easier than testing for men One can get any of these areas infected o Vagina o Anus o Oral o Penis HPV is the most common STI Human Papilloma Virus HPV Treatment Cryotherapy female o Most of the warts are internal o Freeze the warts Laser another method for females Podophyllum male o Paint onto the warts caustic and burns o Place on the warts topically and male should wash off 4 5 hours later o The warts are gone but the virus is still with the male PAP Smear The most effective method of screening HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer Human Papilloma Virus HPV Prevention Administered to both males and females Immunization is given at the age of 12 it is the most effective before individuals become sexually active Gardasil immunization prevents against types o Strains 6 and 11 represents 90 cause of genital warts o Strains 16 and 18 represents 75 cause of cervical cancer Vagininitis Candidiasis Moniliasis Yeast three names same thing Female symptoms Whitish discharge from vagina itchiness burning Male symptoms Reddish flaky itchy rash on penis and or groin o Skin infection skin fungus jock itch o Treatment Ointment Incubation period 2 5 days Cause contact Vagininitis Candidiasis Moniliasis Yeast Treatment Monistat or similar product for female OTC Lotrimin for male an OTC ointment infection There are various degrees of the Vagininitis Trichomoniasis Protozoa HLTH377 Winter Term 4 Caused by single celled organism called protozoa Symptoms o Female Yellowing vaginal discharge with bad odor o Male watery penile discharge and itchy feeling inside penis Incubation period 5 28 days It is common to get trichomoniasis coupled to another STI Symptoms of the other disease tend to mask the symptoms of trichomoniasis Vagininitis Trichomoniasis Protozoa Treatment Flagyl for both sexes Flagyl is often used in intestinal parasites The drug flagyl causes severe nausea and has great sensitivity to anything containing alcohol Chlamydia Symptoms o Female usually none o Male Penile discharge and stinging on urination could be mild Incubation period 2 6 weeks but can be longer Most common reported STI It can be transmitted from mother to infant o This can effect the newborn s hearing Chlamydia Treatment o Tetracycline or similar medication o Usually oral medication Nongonococcal Urethritis NSU NGU Infection of the urethra Positive for gonorrhea new virus was introduced According to urology textbook incubation period is 1 5 days and it s a bacterial infection o http www urology textbook com non gonococcal urethritis html Negative for gonorrhea but large number of white blood cells o Treat for NSU NGU o Vast majority of men diagnosed with NGU caused by chlamydia Gonorrhea Symptoms Incubation period 2 8 days o Female Usually none Possible painful urination o Male Thick white penile discharge and stinging sensation on urination can be quite painful Chlamydia times 10 o Fairly short incubation period 2 6