ID TERMS 10 17 2013 The Federal Housing Administration FHA is a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934 It insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying The goals of this organization are to improve housing standards and conditions provide an adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans and to stabilize the mortgage market The Social Security Act was drafted during Franklin Delano Roosevelt s first term by the President s Committee on Economic Security under Frances Perkins and passed by Congress as part of the Second New Deal The act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life including old age poverty unemployment and the burdens of widows and fatherless children By signing this act on August 14 1935 President Roosevelt became the first president to advocate federal assistance for the elderly The fireside chats were a series of thirty evening radio addresses given by United States President Franklin D Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944 Although the World War I Committee on Public Information had seen presidential policy propagated to the public en masse fireside chats were the first media development that facilitated intimate and direct communication between the president and the citizens of the United States Roosevelt s cheery voice and demeanor played him into the favor of citizens and he soon became one of the most popular presidents ever often affectionately compared to Abraham Lincoln 1 On radio he was able to quell rumors and explain his reasons for social change slowly and comprehensibly 2 Radio was especially convenient for Roosevelt because it enabled him to hide his polio symptoms from the public eye The Congress of Industrial Organizations CIO proposed by John L Lewis in 1938 was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955 The Taft Hartley Act of 1947 required union leaders to swear that they were not Communists Many CIO leaders refused to obey that requirement later found unconstitutional The CIO merged with the American Federation of Labor to form the AFL CIO in 1955 The CIO supported Franklin D Roosevelt and the New Deal Coalition and was open to African Americans Both the CIO and its rival the AFL grew rapidly during the Great Depression The rivalry for dominance was bitter and sometimes violent The CIO Committee for Industrial Organization was founded on November 9 1935 by eight international unions belonging to the American Federation of Labor The International Union United Automobile Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America better known as the United Automobile Workers UAW is an American labor union that represents workers in the United States and Puerto Rico and in the country of Canada Founded as part of the left wing Congress of Industrial Organizations CIO in the 1930s the UAW grew rapidly from 1936 to the 1950s Under the leadership of Walter Reuther president 1946 70 it played a major role in the liberal wing of the Democratic party including the civil rights and anti Communist movements The UAW was especially known for gaining high wages and pensions for the auto workers but it was unable to unionize auto plants built by foreign based car makers in the South after the 1970s and went into a steady decline in membership The Communist Party USA CPUSA is a Marxist Leninist 2 political party in the United States and is the largest communist party in the country Established in 1919 it has a long complex history that is closely related to the histories of similar communist parties worldwide and the U S labor movement Although based on Marxist ideas the Communist Party USA has developed into an organization for the rights of minorities and oppressed peoples Frances Perkins born Fannie Coralie Perkins April 10 1880 1 L Ickes Cabinet As a loyal from 1933 to Secretary of Labor D Roosevelt she helped pull the 2 May 14 1965 was the U S 1945 and the first woman appointed to the U S supporter of her friend Franklin labor movement into the New Deal coalition She and Interior Secretary Harold were the only original members of the Roosevelt cabinet to remain in office for his entire presidency During her term as Secretary of Labor Perkins championed many aspects of the New Deal including the Civilian Conservation Corps the Public Works Administration and its successor the Federal Works Agency and the labor portion of the National Industrial Recovery Act With the Social Security Act she established unemployment benefits pensions for the many uncovered elderly Americans and welfare for the poorest Americans She pushed to reduce workplace accidents and helped craft laws against child labor Through the Fair Labor Standards Act she established the first minimum wage and overtime laws for American workers and defined the standard forty hour work week She formed governmental policy for working with labor unions and helped to alleviate strikes by way of the United States Conciliation Service Perkins resisted having American II so that they women be drafted to serve the military in World War could enter the civilian workforce in greatly expanded numbers 3 Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest serving First Lady of the United States holding the post from 1933 to 1945 during her husband President Franklin D Roosevelt s four terms in office President Harry S Truman later called her the First Lady of the World in tribute to her human rights achievements The Economy Act of 1933 officially titled the Act of March 20 1933 ch 3 Pub L 73 2 48 Stat 8 enacted March 20 1933 38 U S C 701 is an Act of Congress that cut the salaries of federal workers and reduced benefit payments to veterans moves intended to reduce the federal deficit in the United States The Economy Act of 1933 is different from the Economy Act of 1932 The Economy Act of 1932 was signed in the final days of the Hoover administration in February 1933 2 This sometimes leads to confusion between the two pieces of legislation The Hoover sponsored bill established the purchasing authority of the federal government and remains in force as of 2009 3 Mary Jane McLeod Bethune July 10 1875 May 18 1955 was an American educator and civil rights leader best known for starting a school for African American students in Daytona Beach Florida that eventually became Bethune Cookman University and for being an advisor