IONIC BONDS AND OTHER ELEMENTS Group 1A elements sodium lithium readily lose 1 electron to form a cation that now has similar properties to a noble gas Group 2A elements calcium magnesium readily lose 2 electrons for the same purpose Group 7A elements fluorine chlorine readily gain 1 electron to form an anion that now has similar properties to a noble gas Study Table 6 1 on page 188 Basically atoms that are not noble gases will either gain or lose 1 3 electrons in order to have same number of electrons as noble gases Group 1 2 3 elements will lose 1 3 electrons Group 5 6 7 elements will gain 1 3 electrons Group 8 will neither gain nor lose electrons because they are the 1st and 2nd most stable elements In Class example Ga Ar 4s 2 3d 10 4p 1 subtract 3 electrons Ga 3 Ar 3d 10 NOTICE eliminate s orbital and p orbital before subtracting electrons from the d orbital Atomic Radii increases left and down Cations have a smaller radii than their neutral atoms Anions have a larger radii than their neutral atoms Ionization Energy The amount of energy necessary to remove the highest energy electron from an isolated neutral atom in the gaseous state Ionization energy increases up and right clicker 1 From which orbital is the electron removed when a Na cation is formed Ans 3s 2 Electron configurations of ions commonly correspond to electron configurations of Ans noble gases 3 What electrons do most nd metals lose to form a 2 cation Ans 2 electrons from the n 1 s subshell 4 One reason why cations are smaller than the neutral atoms they originate from is Ans remaining electrons feel larger Zeff effective nuclear charge
View Full Document
Unlocking...