12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Social Development Social Development Stacy Lu Sun Nov 16 14 12 17 CST 2014 Parenting Styles Authoritative high level of warmthhigh level of control perfect parent Parenting Styles Authoritarian low level of warmthhigh level of control mean cold parent Parenting Styles Permissive high level of warmthlow level of control super chill parent Parenting Styles Uninvolved low level of warmthlow level of control ghost parent Young Male Syndrome adolescent males more likely to engage in risky forms of aggression Attachment bond between infant and primary caregiver usually mother lay foundations for all later relationships internal working model for relationships Theories of Attachment Freud I love you because you feed me Theories of Attachment Bowlby I was born to love you separation anxiety Theories of Attachment Harlow I love you because it s comfortable Attachment Types Strange Situation Procedure Ainsworth determined by baby s reaction to mom coming back Attachment Types Secure Attachment happy mom is back YAY MOM Attachment Types Insecure Attachment Attachment Types Stability and Attachment Classification attachment during childhood predicts future parent child relationship Consequences of Attachment securely attached usually mentally socially healthier Avoidant neutral reaction oh you re back nbd Anxious happy mom is back but mad she left YAY you re back but why did you leave me https www studyblue com printFlashcardDeck deckId 12900754 note true 1 6 12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Social Development smarter friendlier etc but NO guarantee of positive outcomes nonsecure children less socially adjusted and have more behavioral problems Socioemotional Selectivity Theory more selective about social network as we get older choose to spend time with people who enhance emotional well being gradually become more concerned with enjoying present with age Characteristics of Successful Marriages mutual liking feelings see each other as best friends we not I value INTERdependence commitment to relationship even during difficult times constructive arguments respect awareness trust sensitive to unstated feelings needs of s o Social Facilitation tendency to perform task better in front of others than when alone performance enhanced by audience Social Interference tendency to perform worse in front of others than when alone perform better alone Self Esteem evaluations made about self self value worth self judgements primarily come from perceptions of others attitudes of us Self Concept beliefs about self and how self is characterized identity who we want to behow we want to be perceivedhow we perceive ourselves Social Comparison Theory we judge ourselves by comparing ourselves to others compare ourselves to people with whom we can make appropriate comparisons Reference Groups people to whom we compare ourselves Social Comparison Theory Relative Deprivation feeling of inadequacy when self is compared to reference group that is performing better self esteem suffers when others perform better Social Comparison Theory Downward Social Comparison compare self to group that is substantially worse maintains self esteem by exaggerating abilities of those who outperform us Impression Formation Heuristics judging others Primacy Effect tendency to attach more importance to first impressions https www studyblue com printFlashcardDeck deckId 12900754 note true 2 6 12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Social Development Confirmation Bias tendency to confirm not refute existing beliefs Attitude Formation Attitude Change Classical Conditioning new stimulus paired with stimulus that already elicits certain response Operant Conditioning rewarded attitudes likely maintained punished attitudes likely changed discarded Observational Learning acquire attitudes by observing voiced acted out attitudes Mere Exposure Effect repeated exposure to stimulus enhances attitude towards it based on reactions of recipient characteristics of message itself characteristics of source of message credibility likability through persuasion Elaboration Likelihood Model individuals use more logical and thorough analysis for personally relevant messages needs motivation and persuadability Milgram s Experiment 1962 participants ordered to shock learner if mistake was made study obedience Findings on Obedience from Milgram s Experiment norm of obedience follow orders of authority lack of alternative model of behavior only exposed to one response proximity of person giving orders hard to disobey someone who is closeby person seen as authority figure defined by status victim depersonalized could hear but not see incremental nature of requests Stereotype organized set of knowledge beliefs about people can lead to false impression that all members of group have same features Explicit Stereotypes public and private stereotypes CONSCIOUSLY used in judgement of other people Implicit Stereotypes mental associations that operate automatically for judgement unconscious judgements Prejudice negative stereotype strong unreasonable dislike of group individuals Targets of Prejudice race ethnicity religion gender https www studyblue com printFlashcardDeck deckId 12900754 note true 3 6 12 27 2014 StudyBlue printing of Social Development sexual orientation age ability appearance Theories of Prejudice Scapegoat Theory prejudice results from frustration among people who are disadvantaged blame others minority for your problems Theories of Prejudice Authoritarian Personality prejudice is personality trait of certain individuals especially those with little education and those raised by cold and demanding parents submit to thinking of authority Theories of Prejudice Culture Theory prejudice is rooted in culture learn to feel greater social distance from some groups of people Theories of Prejudice Social Identity prejudice comes from group s social identity in groups discriminate against out groups us vs them Discrimination different treatment of people based on association with a group Cognitive Dissonance Theory Festinger motivation to resolve discomfort from conflicting thoughts behaviors achieve cognitive equilibrium consistency Attributions mental explanations for cause of a behavior Personal Dispositional Attributions attribute person s behavior to their internal character abilities traits moods effort etc Situational Attributions attribute person s behavior to external factors e g weather luck accidents etc Attributional