Classnotes 14 Chapter 14 Psychosocial Development Middle Childhood 4 Basic Standards for Categorizing a Psychological Disorder 1 Statistical Infrequency Rare within population Ex having imaginary friend at age 25 Compare the frequency of behavior to others Examples Others are out to get me you vs the president What about Olympians or people with IQs over 180 child prodigies 2 Disability or Dysfunction Thoughts emotions or actions that interfere with ability to function in own life AND within society Examples Adult thoughts of persecution keep you from going to work or open places Teenagers Primary criteria for drug use Children Not able to be in classroom not playing with other kids disruptive behavior The individual s judgment of his her own functioning level 3 Personal Distress Children need parental teacher judgment Examples This also deals with cohort issues Cyber bullying was not a thing back then Scared to go to school Cyber bullying Are they trying to avoid school 4 Violation of Norms Social norms cultural norms and rules that guide behavior in particular situations For Dev Psych Age Appropriate Examples I m an airplane normal for a 2 yr old NOT a 52 yr old Bipolar disordered person taking clothes off and asking for sex NOT while grocery shopping The DSM V The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition Disruptive Behavior Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders The inability to NOT disrupt problems with impulse control Problems with delayed gratification waiting your turn Only small percentage of school aged children 3 5 Diagnostic Features Usually present before 7 yrs diagnose 7 yrs starts after 3 yrs but no later than 5 Associated with learning disabilities Learning Disabilities and ADHD or HD more problematic for boys 3 Types of ADHD ADD 1 Inattention ADD Look at appropriateness for developmental level School home or other social situations Inability to pay attention sustain attention or complete tasks More is expected out of girls One minute attention spans for every year of their age Examples Sustained mental effort is unpleasant Coloring building reading chores VIDEO GAMES 2 Hyperactivity ADHD Syndrome characterized by persistent inattention and distractibility impulsivity low tolerance for frustration and inappropriate over activity Fidgetiness squirming in seat Excessive climbing or running where inappropriate Compared to others their age Difficulty engaging in leisure activities Parents say feel They are always losing their things It s like they re a hamster on a wheel driven by a motor that won t stop Child at risk for being hit Feel like bad parents 3 Both ADD ADHD Important to remember ADD ADHD kids express remorse They know they drive parents crazy and feel bad about it ADHD continued Impulsivity Blurting frequently interrupting Accident prone grabbing a hot pan Impulse control problems Inability to delay gratification They can tell you the rules but can t follow them low self control The Marshmallow Test Delayed gratification Walter Mischel 1960s One now or two later One marshmallow scored lower on Emotional Intelligence low frustration tolerance higher risk for ADHD Two success later in school popularity is higher higher SAT scores lower risk of ADHD Problems increase with age if ADHD goes untreated Oppositional Defiant Disorder ODD Defiance Add to this picture ADHD an unwillingness to conform to others Negative disobedient hostile towards others and authority Resentful spiteful and vindictive Constantly testing limits and verbal physical aggression Lasts at least 6 months Fighting arguing losing their temper snatch things blame others are angry and resentful have few friends and are in constant trouble at school Conduct Disorders CD Repetitive persistent pattern of aggressive antisocial behavior violating societal norms or the rights of others Add to the picture ADHD ODD where Basic rights of others are violated Specifics More prevalent in urban than rural Truancy setting fires habitual lying fighting bullying theft vandalism assaults and drug alcohol use Gender differences Males physical aggressive fighting stealing Females abuse to self eating disorders mutilation lying substance use prostitution Twin and Adoption Studies ADHD OD CD Heritable 4 Main Categories of Cd s 1 Aggression to people and animals selves males 2 Property Damage males and females 3 Deceitfulness or Theft males and females 4 Serious violation of rules and laws males Anxiety Disorders School social phobia Anxiety provoked by certain social situations or performance situations Often leads to avoidance behavior tummy ache so they don t have to go to school Fear of appearing stupid True school phobia may be a type of separation anxiety disorder Separation Anxiety Disorder Condition involving excessive prolonged anxiety concerning separation from home or from people to whom a person is attached Lasts at least 4 weeks Normal in infancy but when it persists in older children it is a concern Affects 4 of children and adolescents They come from close knit families and also show signs of depression Generalized anxiety disorder Anxiety not focused on any single target These children worry about everything Self conscious self doubting always seek approval and always needs constant reassurance Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Anxiety aroused by repetitive intrusive thoughts images or impulses often leading to compulsive ritual behaviors Behavior example excessive hand washing Childhood depression Mood disorder characterized by such symptoms as prolonged sense of friendlessness inability to have fun or concentrate fatigue extreme activity or apathy feelings of worthlessness weight change physical complaints and thoughts of death or suicide 2 of elementary children Likely to persist in adulthood Causes are unknown but these children tend to come from families with high levels of parental depression anxiety substance abuse There are genes related to depression Lifetime prevalence of 3 13 Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders Panic Attacks Adults and adolescents can realize that the fear is irrational children cannot Sympathetic nervous system blushing sweating trembling Fight or flight transductive thinking Avoidance Behavior Child specific they don t search for help Avoid play Clingy School refusal Target for bullying Separation anxiety Sleep overs summer camp school Gender Differences More common in girls women Clinically we see more men than women females believe it s