Jennie Thorp Chapter 1 and 2 notes Michigan History Ch 1 Notes 1 What were the significant features of the prehistory of human settlement in the territory that became Michigan including a copper mining and manufacture and b the Hopewell culture pp 1 3 a hammer stones to break off pieces of copper hammer and reheat to make shapes grind cut emboss perforate and polish Kewanee Peninsula shallow mines projectile points knifes harpoons awls jewelry then traded Hopewell b west and south of L P burial mounds showed trade jewelry from MI N C Mica shells and pearls from Gulf of Mexico obsidian from Rocky Mts sharks teeth from VA furs and food traded too Little evidence of houses wood pole frames covered with animal skins grass or bark mounds stopped after 400 CE 17 mounds Norton Mounds in G R forest converse mounds in downtown G R were dug up by farmers and others French found 100 000 Native Americans 9 tribes Distinguish between the characteristics and social structure of the Indian 2 tribes of the Michigan Peninsulas particularly the Three Fires Confederacy or Anishanabek a Huron or Wyandot b Ojibwa c Odawa and d Potawatomi pp 3 9 with reference to the map on p 3 a Huron by Lake Erie 1st to greet the French Called themselves Wendat farmers harvesting corn palisaded villages long rectangle houses covered with bark children took mother s name uncle educated children French bought diseases 50 died Iroquois forced them North to Lake Superior and eventually settled east to Straits of Mackinac then resettled in Detroit after statehood forced to OK and KS Ojibwa Chippewa Odawa Potawatomi are the Three Fires Confederacy Anishinabek b Ojibwa Upper Peninsula largest group 3 000 hunters and fishermen Jennie Thorp Chapter 1 and 2 notes French called Saulteurs Sault Ste Marie warm months settle near fishing families lived in dome shaped wigwams covered in birch bark winter months inland hunting and eating dried fish and other stored food Spring gathered maple sugar Men hunted and fished women food cooking sewed children collected food watched younger siblings everyone shared food so no one was hungry at least 20 clans allied with French during French Indian war and Brits during American Revolution and War 1812 c Odawa Lake Huron traders allied with French and British two Pontiac and Blackbird Pontiac led rebellion against British because of trade policies failed he left MI and was murdered by another Indian near St Louis MS 1769 Blackbird 1815 Odawa chief interpreter at L Arbre Croche d Potawatomi Wis Ill Ind Southwest MI 4 00 were farmers in summer and hunted in winter they hunted buffalo in spring guarded sacred fire of confederacy docile and affectionate toward French and allied with French and British 1833 Treaty of Chicago forced to move west of Mississippi river or OK and Canada those who followed leader Leopold Pokagon escaped Trail of Tears were taxpaying landowning Christians effects of contract between Indiana and Europeans What were the effects of contact between Indian tribes in the Great Lakes 3 area and European explorers and colonists and later American settlers pp 9 10 with reference to the map on p 73 a Brits held them in contempt and used them in wars were reliant on trade goods of Europe introduced canoe birch bark to Europeans trapped animals for Euro Euro wanted land Native Americans forced to sign agreement many times ignored what was offered to Indians burned their homes for non payment of taxes Jennie Thorp Chapter 1 and 2 notes Michigan History Chapter 2 Notes 1 Explain a the motivations of French explorers and voyageurs in their efforts to establish a colony in North America and b the impact on Indian tribes in the region of the Great Lakes pp 11 15 a looking for NW passage to China found animals and Indians to Christianize Samuel de Champlain 1st explorer to Great Lakes 1622 Brule 1st in Michigan Hurons killed him treason French furs sent to France bartered with Indians beavers were exterminated in areas fur trade led to wars between French and British b baptized indians used them in wars and for trapping and traded with them 2 Describe the exploits of the French explorers and administrators a Samuel de Champlain b Etienne de Brul c Jean Nicollet d Rene Robert Cavelier de la Salle and e Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac pp 12 13 19 26 a Samuel de Champlain 1st explorer to Great Lakes 1608 established trading post at St Lawrence River modern day Quebec traveled Ottawa river and explored Georgian Bay 1615 spend time with Huron tribe and learned more about the area b Etienne de Brul 1st explorer in Michigan arrived in New France in 1608 Lived with Algonquian Indians Accompanied Champlain Sold services to British and was killed by Hurons in 1633 for treason c Jean Nicollet served as interpreter for the French colony lived with Huron 1634 headed west passed through straits of Mackinac reached green bay and thought it was NW passage where Chinese would be and found Winnebagoes instead d Rene Robert Cavalier de la Salle Jesuit but wanted to explore he was obsessed with NW passage wanted to explore Ohio Rv and explore N A Interior Ft Miami Crevecoeur murdered by men on March 19 1687 e Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac arrived in New France in 1683 suggested a for Le Detroit moved up river instead Ste Anne s church built created Detroit 3 Evaluate the activities of missionaries including Father Jacques Marquette in New France pp 16 19 24 with reference to the map on p 17 Father Jacques Marquette Black Robes Jesuit Relations Jennie Thorp Chapter 1 and 2 notes Illini Indians met Louis Jolliet went to explore together Menominee Indians warned them of Indians to the west are hostile got separated near Green Bay converted Indians 4 Explain the importance of a Sault Ste Marie b the Straits of Mackinac c Detroit and d Fort St Joseph to the commercial and strategic interests of New France Canada under both French and British rule pp 15 16 22 26 31 41 57 64 with reference to the maps on pp 17 and 29 a Sault Ste Marie Indians gathered for pep rally June 14 1671 Allouez baptized Indians 10000 French claimed control Pageant of the Sault was held here b Straits of Mackinac French built forts Fur trade route Fort Michillimackinac 1715 Fort St Joseph 1719 20 Sault Ste Marie 1750 c Detroit Cadillac didn t want to abandon forts Cadillac chose an easily defended area St Anne s Church Brought his wife which Indians liked Cadillac creates a settlement in Detroit Le Detroit d Fort St Joseph Joseph Villiers