HEALTH 2400 FINAL EXAM Define health o Physical mental and social well being not merely the absence of disease Name and recognize the definitions for the different dimensions of health and healthy communities and describe how the dimensions of health are interconnected o Physical health status of the body o Mental mood and mind related o Social connectedness social interactions o Connected because they each affect the other one goes up while another goes down o Other dimensions of healthy communities disease stats open space transportation medical resources climate air quality Fully describe and provide examples of the Epi Triangle agent host environment relationship o Three factors that contribute to epidemiological elements of health o host individual or population at risk o Agent pathogen o Environment brings host and agent together o Applies to health issues that are not infectious diseases o Looks at factors related to personal attributes vector and timing PERSON VECTOR Define describe and use the Haddon matrix to explain the host environment agent relationship play ground equipment design and layout surface type conditions PRE EVENT EVENT POST EVENT age knowledge physical abilities size physical condition clothes age physical condition resilience PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT weather lighting time of day SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT supervision games kids play rules weather surface conditions social expectations of recess rules EMS response distance of school and hospital EMS response emergency training of teachers parental response Compare and contrast the Epi Triange and Haddon Matrix for explaining the host agent o Haddon matrix shoes different factors that contribute to event involves timing for injury environment relationship prevention o Epi triangle is only infectious diseases and elements that cause them to spread Define and describe the various ways that we measure physical mental and social well being o Mortality incidence of deaths in population in certain time o Crude mortality rate deaths year 1000 o Cause specific mortality rate deaths specific cause 100000 population o Life expectancy number of years remaining o Infant mortality rate infancts year 1000 live births o Longevity average length of life o Morbidity disease incidence or prevalence in population o Disease incidence new cases disease year 1000 o Disease prevalence existing cases disease year 1000 List the current leading causes of death and describe how mortality trends have changed over the last 100 years Epidemiologic transition o Heart disease o Cancer o Stroke o Chronic respiratory o Injuries o Alzheimer s disease o Diabetes o epidemiologic transition infectious disease were leading causes of death and now chronic disease are major mortality cause List define and describe the contributing factors for the epidemiologic transition o Vaccinations sanitation antibiotics obesity epidemic more chronic health behaviors population increase aged populations nutrition better medical care Define healthy people 20120 and the mission and goals of this effort and know how Healthy People 2020 is used o A science based 10 year national objective for improving the health of all Americans Measures the impact of prevention encourages collaboration empowers individuals to make health informed decisions researches and measures public health main goal is to attain high quality longer lives free of disease disability injury and premature death o Been used for 3 decades Define behavior and health behavior and recognize the various categorizations of health behavior o Behavior a manner of acting or controlling oneself demeanor responses or reactions actions o Health behavior complex concept action that prevents illness and promotes health and affects one s quality of life o Personal social environmental policy dimensions List why health behavior research is conducted o CDC says 50 80 of diseases are linked to behavior o Daily habits contribute to almost all sources of mortality and morbidity Define and provide your own not from the slides or readings example goals population targets and prevention efforts for each of the categories of prevention o Goal prevent weight gain college students healthy food in dining halls List and define the change processes used in prevention o Health care screenings treatment o Teaching counseling education changes in knowledge attitude skills o Communication persuasion o Organizational change o Community development environment and policy change Define and describe the levels of the ecological model o Individual level o Interpersonal level o Community level o Societal level culture Describe how the current social ecological concept was developed and the advantages and challenges of an ecological perspective to addressing health status and health behavior o Intrapersonal interpersonal organizational community policy physical environment o Mid 1900s and more chronic diseases shift in perspectives behavior as an influence o Bronfenbrenner was concerned with social factors effects on individuals in 1980 and 1990s and created a model of analysis of health his levels macro mezzo micro exo o Advantages lay out factors that influence health so one can see which are most relevant o Disadvantages not everyone s behavior can be predicted perfectly Define and provide an example of health disparities o Different factors that account for different levels of health race gender location age etc Define compare and contrast using examples of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and discuss the relationship between motivation and behavior o Intrinsic motivation from the self for pleasure more likely to work o Extrinsic motivation from outside source behavior might not be enjoyable done for anticipated consequences less likely to work o Motivation is root source for a particular behavior Know why health behaviors are measured and examples of what is measures o Data needs compare rates set priorities gain understanding o Examples demographic variable awareness variable cognitive variable environmental variable quality of life variable satisfaction skill variable ability to perform psychosocial variable attitude Know at least four different methods used for measuring health behavior and describe the advantages and disadvantages of these methods o Self report o Observation o Biobehavioral o Electronic Can lie get data easily in depth info from actual source Finds patterns easily less bias unobtrusive if done right recall bias