Exam 2 Study Guide 1 Define a Intrinsic Goodness it is good in itself it is good for what it is not what it produces or leads to b Intrinsic Badness it is bad in itself it is bad for what it is rather than what it leads to or produces c Extrinsic Goodness good because it leads to other good things it would not continue if it did not lead to further good things d Extrinsic Badness bad because it leads to other bad things would not continue if it stopped leading to further bad things e Intrinsic Value net subtracting the total amount of intrinsic badness it contains from the total amount of intrinsic goodness it contains f Simple Sensory Hedonism SSH Every episode of pleasure is intrinsically good every episode of pain is intrinsically bad Intrinsic value of pleasure is equal to the number of hedons it contains intrinsic value of episode of pain is equal to number of dolors times negative one Intrinsic value of life world etc is equal to sum of intrinsic values of all episodes of pain and pleasure it contains g Hedon Dolor Calculation every time there is a feeling of pleasure or pain an episode it gets a number that expresses the intensity and a number that corresponds to the duration these two numbers are multiplied to get hedons and dolors h Higher Pleasures pleasures of intellect aesthetics or morality involve the higher faculties i Lower Pleasures pleasures of the body including pleasures associated with reproduction eating and drinking excretion relaxing etc involve the lower faculties j Mill s Qualified Hedonism MQH Part 1 of SSH Part 2 of SSH except the hedons are qualified hedons Part 3 of SSH k Qualified Hedon Calculation QH Intensity of Episode x Duration of Episode x Quality of Episode l Desire Satisfaction a person desires that something be the case at a certain time and it is m Desire Frustration a person desires that something be the case at a certain time and it is not n Actual Desire Satisfactionism ADS Every case of desire satisfaction is intrinsically good every case of desire frustration is intrinsically bad Intrinsic value of satisfaction is equal to intensity of desire satisfied intrinsic value of frustration is equal to intensity of desire frustrated times negative one 2 Argument for SSH based on Psychological Hedonsim P 1 Psychological hedonism is true 2 If psychological hedonism is true then SSH is true 3 Therefore SSH is true E D1 True because it accurately explains a wide variety of human behavior in the simplest form including why people put themselves through certain unpleasant activities because they are motivated by pleasure to avoid pain Ex getting surgery D2 Psychological hedonism is the view that people do in fact value the acquisition of pleasure and the avoidance of pain which means that it is possible to value to acquisition of pleasure and avoidance of pain because people do therefore it is valuable SSH is true because it states that the desire for pleasure and fear of pain is valuable which is based on the principles of psychological hedonism E Valid Yes Form Modus Ponens Sound No PAL Line 1 some people do things with unselfish motivation not always out of desire for pleasure or fear of pain Give soldier example 3 Socrates Oyster Argument P 1 If SSH is true then the life of the contented oyster is outstandingly good 2 It s not the case that the life of the contented oyster is outstandingly good 3 Therefore it s not the case that SSH is true Background Life of the oyster does not include any mental activity or abilities which means that he has no wisdom at all But he has a lot of hedons 100 every day due to living on the ocean floor and feeling the water wash over him which he enjoys E D1 Since the oyster s life would contain a large amount of events of pleasure with each of them being a large number of hedons according to SSH his life would be outstandingly good because there are a huge amount of hedons in his life and no dolors and you measure the quality of a life in terms of hedons pleasure minus dolors from pain D2 The oyster knows absolutely nothing and is not even consciously aware of himself including the fact that he is receiving pleasure So his life could not be outstandingly good because even though he is getting a large amount of hedons he is not aware of them so they become arbitrary and his life is not good E Valid Yes Form Modus Tollens Sound No PAL Line 1 if the oyster is not aware of the pleasure he is receiving due to his lack of mental activity then he is not having that experience because he is not aware of it which means he is receiving no hedons 4 Moore s Bestiality Objection P 1 If SSH is true then Porky s life is outstandingly good 2 It s not the case that Porky s life is outstandingly good 3 Therefore it s not the case that SSH is true Background Porky lives outside of Auburn and lives on a farm where he has regular sexual contact with the pigs on his farm This kind of contact results in intense episodes of pleasure so he does it as much as he can This makes his life enjoyable for him and he has a long life E D1 Porky s sexual contact results in a large number of episodes of intense pleasure that is long lasting and he continues to participate in it throughout his life According to SSH the value of a life is in the tally of episodes of pleasure vs pain in Porky s case he has a lot of pleasure and no pain so his life would be outstandingly good D2 Porky s life cannot be outstandingly good because he regularly partakes in a very immoral and bad act so if his life is filled with immoral acts it cannot be good it would have to be bad E Valid Yes Form Modus Tollens Sound No PAL Line 2 SSH does not concern itself with moral rightness if the behavior is morally wrong it does not negate the hedons he received through the behavior and the good life that he feels he had because he had so much pleasure 5 Objection to MQH based on the Life of Stoicus P 1 If MQH is true then the life of Stoicus is intrinsically worthless for him 2 It s not the case that the life of Stoicus is intrinsically worthless for him 3 Therefore it s not the case that MQH is true Background Stoicus is a person that does not value or desire pleasure or pain He wants a life of peace and quiet in the absence of pleasure and pain because he sees them as distractions to his contemplations of the unseen and the eternal E D1 True because his life contains no episodes of pleasure or pain so his life would have no qualified hedons or …