Bryant Collins MUMH 3030 Music Cultures of the World MUMH 3030 Study Guide 2 India genteel city movies India 1 Chennai City in Tamil the language of the region and state of Tamil Nadu originally provincial capital Madras located in southern India 2 Madras Capital of Chennai named by the colonial British a leisurely and 3 Guru teacher who passes knowledge to disciples 4 Cine music Indian popular blasting almost around all popular music in 5 Bhajan a song devotional in nature and relatively simple technically that is sung primarily as an offering to God might be sung by a soloist with backup of violins flutes harmonium and drums with additional rhythmic support coming from small ringing bell cymbals clackers or hand claps 6 Carnatic music also called karantaka sangeeta the classical music of South 7 Hindusthani music expensive improvisations that move gradually from near immobility to sections of great speed and virtuosity 8 Playback singers people who sing in the Bollywood movies or lip singers 9 Music director director and composer of Bollywood films 10 Kriti a pre composed song based for improve broken into 3 sections Pallavi Anupallavi Charanam the principal song form of South Indian classical music 11 Adi Tala the most common of the South Indian time cycles It has 8 beats subdivided 4 2 2 12 Sabhas cultural clubs that bring to their members and the general public music dance plays lectures and even an occasional movie 13 Sruti Drone smallest distance between two notes layer includes one or 14 Raga defined as that which colors the mind defines the 9 rasas each rage more specialized instruments has the time if day 15 Rasa defines human emotions or flavors love anger sadness fear disgust wonder heroism laughter religious devotion and possible tenth utter peacefulness associated with colors animals deities a season of the year time of day or certain magical properties 16 Merlakarta system 72 basic parent or mother scales There are 7 notes in each melakarta scale sa ri ga ma pa da ni 17 Drone also called Sruti includes lay of one or more specialized instruments 18 Tala beats that are grouped into regularly recurring metric cycles 19 Sollukattu spoken syllables that duplicate drum strokes and rhythmic patterns 20 Alapana a free flowing exposition and exploration of the raga its facets and phrases its ornamentation its pushes and pulls of intonation as well as it mood and character nonmetrical 21 Tanam a highly rhythmic exposition of the raga usually played or sung only once in a concert and is placed after the alapana and before the kriti 1 Bryant Collins MUMH 3030 Music Cultures of the World 22 Svara note in Carnatic music 23 Pallavi in Carnatic music it s the thematic line of a song 24 Anupallavi in Carnatic music comes after the pallavi and is usually the 25 Charanam in Carnatic music is usually the end section of a composition second section of any composition which is sung after the anupallavi 26 Gamaka refers to ornamentation that is used in the performance of Indian classical music can be any graceful turn curve or cornering touch given to a single note or a group of notes which adds emphasis to the each raga s individuality 27 Caste System a systems of social stratification which has pre modern origins was transformed by the British Raj contains two different concepts varna and j ti 28 Bollywood the Hindi language film industry based in Mumbai India term used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema 29 Saraswati Goddess of music and learning India music piece called Sarasiruha vehicle is a swan plays veena 30 Ganesh guardian of the gate elephant shaped head 31 Shiva also known as Mahedeva Great God one of the main deities of Hinduism the supreme god within Shaivism one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism rides a bull god of creation and destruction 32 Nasal Aesthetic Indian tambura for the voice 33 Pillar Tones stable notes that don t need to change 1 5 not going anywhere 34 Meenakshi Fish eyed goddess avatar of poverty 35 Monterey Pop Festival three day concert event held June 16 to June 18 1967 in Monterey Cali Ravi Shankar s first appearance Ravi Shankar played the Raga Dhun an four hour performance which concluded the Monterey Pop film 36 Ravi Shankar sitar virtuoso well known composer of Hindustani classical music Indian musician 37 The Beatles George Harrison member of the band The Beatles traveled to Indonesia to learn sitar with Ravi Shankar Instruments 1 Sitar a plucked stringed instrument used in Hindustani music and Indian 2 Tabla a membranophone percussion instrument which is used in classical music Hindustani classical music 3 Nagaswaram a double reed wind instrument 4 Veena a plucked stringed instrument that has three drone strings and four playing strings used mainly in Carnatic classical music and Hindustani classical music 5 Mridangam a double headed barrel shaped drum principal accompanying percussion instrument in Carnatic music 2 Bryant Collins MUMH 3030 Music Cultures of the World 6 Ghatam a large clay pot with a ringing metallic sound 7 Sruti box Tuned reed instrument 8 Tambura a four stinged plucked instrument tuned to the tonal center and fifth Indonesia 1 Java Indonesia s most heavily populated but not largest island 2 Jakarta a teaming metropolis of more than ten million people some very wealthy most rather poor near the western end of the north coast of Java 3 Yogyakarta Yogya One of two court cities in the cultural heartland of Central Java 4 Bali east of Java most of the people living there have a blend of Hinduism Buddhism and Islam most popular ensemble in Bali is the gamelan gong kebyar 5 Surakarta 40 miles from to the northeast of Central Java 6 Bubaran meaning 16 beats per gongan 4 kenong beats per gongan 7 Irama Level Ratio defines one of five possible levels of balungian subdivision bonang barung would have doubled its ratio 8 Pelong scale system used in Indonesia 7 notes 9 Wayang Kulit puppets made of water buffalo hide used in all night performances of highly sophisticated and entertaining shadow plays 10 Ladrang helps balance the forces of nature 32 balongan beats rather than 16 soft playing style 11 Gongan a section of a piece between subsequent kenong strokes in many pieces the number of kenongan make up one 12 Balungan sometimes called the core melody or skeletal melodic outline of a Javenese gamelan composition 13 Kebyar a style or genre of Balinese gamelan music the process of flowing and refers to