MUET 3030 Final Exam Study Guide India Caste System Hinduism More in South India Islam More in North India Madras former capital Hindustani music North India Islamic influence performed for royal courts Carnatic music South India Hindu influence Temple based Cine Music Bollywood music Bollywood Chennai Capital Big temple located here shown in class o Music directors are the producers o Playback singers sing all of the music Guru Experts of interments a mentor apprentices live with guru don t pay money to guru it s an honor to be a guru Nasal Aesthetic Style of singing very nasally Drone Gives ground floor for Raga SA and PA are the most stable tones Sruti name for smallest division of the Raga Bhajan Hindu devotional song Sabha Culture of Hindu club music Kriti Means creation improved can go for up to 45 minutes 3 part song Pallavi Anupallavi and Charanam Carnatic Alapana Improve of a raga that develops and introduces the raga free rhythm Tanam Method of raga improve Pallavi Sprout Anupallavi After sprout Charanam Foot Svara Notes of the Raga Rasa 9 modes in Raga Melekarta System Southern Carnatic system for raga 72 ways to get from SA to PA Gamaka Ornamentation essential to personality for the Raga Heterophony Carnatic singer and violinist Gamelon music various instruments Additive Rhythms Larger rhythmic periods Divisive Rhythms Small rhythmic periods Monterey Pop Festival Ravi Shankar played there to help spread Indian music to the west Tala meter of Indian music thousands of kinds long don t have to be even Adi Tala 8 beats 4 2 2 Carnatic Sollukattu Vocables for rhythms in Carnatic music Pillar Tones Resting notes Ravi Shankar Sitar expert The Beatles George Harrison Brought Indian music to the west Shiva Dancing god Saraswati God of music and education Sitar Indian guitar Tabla Small drum Ganesh Elephant head god Meenakshi Fish eyed goddess Nagaswaram Temple music Ovo Organ Mridangam Two headed drum Ghatam Pot instrument Sruti Box Drone Tambura Stringed instrument Veena Plucked string instrument Indonesia Dutch First colonized Indonesia Wayang Kulit Shadow Puppet show Dhalang Puppet master Ramayana Famous puppet story Mahabharata Famous puppet story Gongan Melody notes Gamelon Main Indonesian instrument Bubaran 16 between gongs Ladrang 32 between gongs Irama Level Dense tempo Javanese Gamelon music in Java Soft played in open pavilions conservative Balinese in everyday life Shadow Puppet shows Gamelon music Jakarta Capital of Indonesia Central java Middle portion on the island of Java Yogykarta Yogya Central city for music Surakarta Solo Central city for music Kraton Royal court Colotomic Punctuating time keeping instrument Slendro 5 scale Pelog 7 scale Balungan Skeleton notes Interlocking Rhythms 2 sounds that make one melody hocket Shimering Effect Paired tuning Kebyar Most important gamelon style in Bali Colotonic Order from least to most played Gong Kehong Kempul Kethuk Saron Xylophone Bonang Elaborating instrument was passed around during class Kendhang Drum directs the ensemble Suling Flute Rebab Chordophone Pesindhen Woman vocalist Sample Long Questions 1 Raga is more than just a scale a series of notes Describe this unique Indian musical structure including its extra musical features o Extra musical features Played only at certain times 9 rosas emotions tied to the season believed to affect the world o Musical features Many different pitches specific ornamentation 2 Discuss the similarities and differences between Hindusthani and Carnatic classical music o Hindusthani North Indian Islamic influence improve based off of the Raga played for royal courts Music is passed down patrilineal o Carnatic South Temple based Hindu o Instruments for each are different o Similarities Drones Raga Tala 3 Discuss the phenomenon of cine music and how it functions in Indian culture Who are the musicians composers etc o Western Influences o Mix of all kinds of music o Musicians Playback singers o Composers Music directors 4 Discuss the function of an alapana o Exposition of the raga in free rhythm 5 Discuss the Melakarta system and how it works Include in your discussion musical details eg sruti svara What is a parent scale a derived scale o 72 parent scales o Derived scale a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme o Svara Notes of the Raga o Sruti name for smallest division of the Raga o Melekarta System Parent Raga from which all other Ragas are created 6 How is the guru system different from taking music lessons from a music teacher in the West o Live with the Guru More of a mentor Done pay the Guru more of an honor to be a Guru o At first just listening to the Guru no playing yet o Tune instrument at the end kind of like graduation 7 Define what a kriti is including naming its three sections and how it is used in performance o Precomposed 3 parts Pallavi Anupallavi and Charanam o Carnatic o Used for improve most common form of Carnatic concert music 8 Discuss the development of sabhas their history and current practice o Culture Clubs to promote music o Carnatic style only South o Chaney is center of music and a lot of Sabhas are located there 9 Discuss the difference between Javanese soft playing style and loud playing style o Soft Singing Rebab is used o Loud Only idiophones and drums no singing 10 How is Balinese gong kebyar different from Javanese gamelan music o Balinese is dynamic and has more change in tempo than Javanese 11 What is the function of colotomic instruments in gamelan music and how does this relate to Javanese ideas about time o Different instruments that divide up the cycle o Points in the song that coincide come together o Time is cyclical and there are different cycles o 5 day and 7 day calendars 12 Discuss what Javanese consider to be the mystical properties of gamelans o The metal is alive if you don t play it it will die o Names given offerings it invokes the gods when being made o Bronze excites the air o Never step over the gamelon on wear shoes when playing it 13 Describe a shadow puppet performance o Gamelon o Usually a fight between gods India epics o Leaf at the beginning is the tree of life o Can go all night long o Puppet master does everything o It is shadows because we cannot see the world of the gods