FINAL STUDY GUIDE MINORITIES CRIME AND SOCIAL POLICY PLEASE NOTE CHAPTERS 10 12 15 THE CONCLUSION WILL BE COVERED ON THE EXAM BUT ARE NOT INCLUDED ON THE STUDYGUIDE Please Note The following questions are derived from Mann Zatz s Images of Color Images of Crime These questions are not intended to provide an exhaustive review or summary of the information that you will be examined on This is supplementary material and should be used in conjunction with class notes discussions and a detailed reading of the chapters Be sure to answer the discussion questions at the end of each chapter Memorizing this material alone will not adequately prepare you for the exam Don t forget to review the information study guide from the Russell Color of Crime Book Mann Zatz s Images of Color Images of Crime Forward Introduction How does Derrick Bell define Crime and the linkage between color and crime Conduct a society finds threatening When that conduct is that of persons of color it is particularly threatening the actor becoming a greater danger than the deed According to Derrick Bell is racism a temporary or permanent phenomenon in America Permanent What does Derrick Bell have to say about civil rights They are steadily declining over the past years According to Mann Zatz which racial ethnic group has been the subject of the greatest number of empirical studies Why African Americans Until very recently ethnicities were only counted as white nonwhite black white other What was different in the 2000 Census regarding race U S population counts included categories for multiethnic and multiracial responses What is Mann Zatz s position on race Race is a social construction It is not a fixed identity historical contexts Racial categories and meanings only make sense in their Racial dynamics are fluid and always political What definition does Mann Zatz offer for the term racism Borrowed from Omi and Winant Social practices which attribute merits or allocate values to members of racially categorized groups solely based because of their race What do Mann Zatz say about the racism African Americans have specifically experienced They have been victims of a particularly virulent form of racism because of their early status as slaves and their continued economic plight What is intersectionality as defined by Mann Zatz Defined as splitting a person in two when attempting to separate race ethnicity and gender How does Georges Abeyie define petite apartheid realities Everyday activities that contribute to poor relations between the police and persons of color How do Mann Zatz define Racial Formation The process by which people attach meaning and importance to racial categories What role does racial formation play at the individual level What is the consequence of thinking about racial formation this way Individual level part of the process by which people formulate their identities shows that race play a central role in social relations What is Individual Societal Racial Formation Individual part of the process by which people formulate their identities Societal racial formation is structural based on racial relations between groups Compare and contrast exploitation marginalization and powerlessness Exploitation process whereby the work performed by one group Marginalization the people the system of labor cannot or will not Powerlessness the daily situation of those who benefits a different group use According to Mann Zatz are racial and ethnic stereotypes gendered Yes CHAPTER ONE According to James Riding In what factor s influence shape the worldviews customs and values of Indians in contemporary U S Rich Cultural Heritages Define millennia 1000 years What does James Riding In say about words like squaw buck savage redskin heathen loafer and drunk Words that have been used to deny Indians humanity What is the issue with Hollywood movies such as Westerns They paint Indians as savages According to James Riding In who benefits more from federal programs the average American citizen or the Indian The average American benefits more According to James Riding In what was the trail of tears What was the Indian Removal Act The forced removal of the Cherokees from their Georgia to Oklahoma which led to 1 3 of their population dying James Riding In describes America as a hostile complex world that often demands conformity in thought action and deed Does this view support the notion of Assimilation or Pluralism Assimilation What happened during Columbus reign as Spanish viceroy and governor of Hispaniola from 1493 1500 execution warfare and diseases More than half a million natives died from harsh treatment When did the stereotypes of Indians change from positive to negative What were the early consequences of those negative stereotypes The stereotypes changed when the Indians outlived their usefulness The act of attempting to convert people to another religion or What is proselytism How is it related to the treatment of Natives opinion Christian missionaries trying to convert natives to Christianity According to James Riding In what was Benjamin Franklin s view of the Indian Was he a friend or enemy He was an enemy who sought their extermination What is the General Allotment Act or Dawes Act of 1887 What was the proposed idea behind passing this act What were the consequences The legislation sought to supplant Indian values with those of white society It led many Indians losing their land and falling into a cycle of poverty According to James Riding In what type of research was the U S Army involved in during the 1860 s Who issued the order for this research What impact did this research have on Indians They were involved in craniology which involved grave robbing and decapitating dead natives at the behest of the Surgeon General Their burial sites were desecrated What is the American Indian Movement AIM Why was it formed What was the reaction by the federal government Formed in late 1960s to fight for treaty rights sovereignty and The FBI attempted to disrupt and destroy the movement Many cultural survival leaders were killed What are pot hunters remains Ordinary citizens who peddled native burial objects and human What are Lost Birds according to James Riding In The Indian children who were snatched away from their families CHAPTER 2 LEON PETTIWAY On which day was Pettiway s paternal grandfather born What is the importance of this day He was born the day of the Emancipation Proclamation which freed the slaves in the