MINORITIES, CRIME AND SOCIAL POLICYForward & IntroductionHow does Derrick Bell define “Crime” and the linkage between color and crime?CHAPTER ONEChapter 5, The Invisible White Privilege. Color, and Crime: A Personal Account by Peggy McIntoshCHAPTER SIX : Suzan Shown HarjoAccording to Harjo, where did Columbus think he was when he landed?What was the Catholic Churches’ position on whether Indians are human?According to Harjo, where was the term “Squaw” taken from?Chapter 08: `Hot Blood and Easy Virtue’: Mass Media and the making of RacistLatino/a Stereotypes by Diego CastroAccording Castro, how does Hollywood filmmaker’s portray Latino’s and Latina’s?Chapter 18IMAGES OF CRIME AND PUNISHMENT, LATINOS. GANGS., AND DRUGSEdwardo PortillosWhat was the treaty of Guadeloupe Hildalgo?087FINAL STUDY GUIDE - FALL 2012MINORITIES, CRIME AND SOCIAL POLICYPLEASE NOTE! CHAPTERS 10, 12 ,15 & THE CONCLUSION WILL BE COVERED ON THE EXAM, BUT ARE NOT INCLUDED ON THE STUDYGUIDE.Please Note: The following questions are derived from Mann & Zatz’s Images of Color, Images of Crime. These questions are not intended to provide an exhaustive review or summary of the information that you will be examined on. This is supplementary material and should be used in conjunction with class notes/discussions and a detailed reading of the chapters. Be sure to answer the discussion questions at the end of each chapter. Memorizing this material alone will not adequately prepare you for the exam. Don’t forget to review the information (study guide) from the Russell “Color of Crime” Book. Mann & Zatz’s Images of Color, Images of CrimeForward & IntroductionHow does Derrick Bell define “Crime” and the linkage between color and crime?Whites bond on the basis of race, whether knowing or unknowing. Crime is that conduct society finds threatening, and when it comes to persons of color, it is particularly threatening, the actor becoming more dangerous than the deed.According to Derrick Bell, is “racism” a temporary or permanent phenomenon in America?Permanent, because whites at the top keep an unspoken connection with those at the bottom reminded them of what they fear blacks may do to them.What does Derrick Bell have to say about civil rights?Civil rights gains are being eroded because no person of color is insulated from racial discrimination.According to Mann & Zatz, which racial/ethnic group has been the subject of the greatest number of empirical studies? Why?African Americans. 1) when people think of race they think African American, 2) a consequence of this focus on African Americans has diluted records with the US Census Bureau and Police departments on other groups.(from black/white to black/white/other) 3)because far more empirical studies have addressed African Americans’ experiences with crime and criminal injustice than those of any other group.What was different in the 2000 Census regarding race?The US accounted for multiethnic and multiracial responses.What is Mann & Zatz’s position on “race”?It is socially constructed. It has real life consequenses for chances in life and race relations in the US.Race is a social construction, meaning 1) race is not a fixed identity (it is social not biological) and 2) racial categories and the meanings attached to race make sense only in tier historical contexts and in light of specific social relations and 3) racial dynamicas are flexable, fluid and always political.What definition does Mann & Zatz offer for the term “racism”? (borrowed from Omi and Winant).Social practices which (explicitly or inexplicitly) attribute merits or allocate values to members of racially categorized groups soley because of their “race”.What do Mann & Zatz say about the racism African Americans have specifically experienced?Have been victim s because of their early status as slaves and because of their continued economic plight has resulted in substantial media attention to segregated urban communities characterized by poverty, single-parent families, poor schools,. And visible street crimes.What is “intersectionality” as defined by Mann & Zatz?Describes how each person simultaneously experiences racial and gender oppression at the individual level. How does Georges-Abeyie define “petite apartheid realities”?Every day activities that contribute to poor relations between the police and persons of color, such as routine stop and frisk law enforcement practices.How do Mann & Zatz define Racial Formation?The process by which people attach meaning and importance to racial categories.What role does racial formation play at the individual level? What is the consequence of thinking about racial formation this way?At the individual level, racial formation is part of the process by which people formulate their identities; it becomes clear that race plays a central role in societal relations and cannot be reduced to something else, such as socioeconomic class or nationality.What is Individual & Societal Racial Formation?At the individual level, racial formation is part of the process by which people formulate their identities; at the societal level, racial information is structural, based on societal relations between groups.Why does the author state that we need to look at the way in which we define crime?Because society stereotypes crime which is more about the person than the crime, and people need to open their eyes to the truth to crimeCompare and contrast exploitation, marginalization, and powerlessness. Exploitation: the process whereby the work performed by one group benefits a different group. Slavery is the best example but anyone underpaid and under appreciated is exploited.Marginalization: more common than exploitation. Marginals are people the system of labor cannot or will not use.Powerlessness: The daily situation of those who have little or no control over their working conditions. No creativity, the report constantly to someone but no one is beneath them.According to Mann & Zatz, are racial and ethnic stereotypes gendered?Yes. Everything is gendered.CHAPTER ONEAccording to James Riding In, what factor (s) influence/ shape the worldviews, customs and values of Indians in contemporary U.S.? Rich Cultural HeritageDefine millennia.A period of a thousand yearsWhat does James Riding In say about words like “squaw,” “buck,” “savage,” “redskin,” “heathen,” loafer,” and “drunk”?They deny Native