Chapter 14 Developmental Disorders Key 1 Psychological disorders are considered developmental disorders when there is a 2 Although not classified as developmental disorders many if not most psychological disorders can be considered developmental because they A change in symptoms over the lifespan B genetic component to the disorder C significant dysfunction during childhood D general decline in functioning over time appear early in life and change over the lifespan A B have a genetic component C lack biological causes and are influenced by learning D are unique to children 3 The major reason that developmental disorders are considered to be so serious in terms of their capacity to disrupt later functioning is A the fact that medications used in children can have long term effects B the impact that they have on family functioning C that the purely biological nature of developmental disorders leads to subsequent developmental failures that failure to develop at one level is thought to inhibit later stages of development D 4 Johnny is a 2 year old boy who has no motivation to interact with other people His absence of interest in people may also lead to severe deficits in his ability to A amuse himself B think C D walk communicate 5 The main reason that it is so important to identify children with developmental disorders as early as possible is that A medications are most effective when administered at an early stage of the disorderB skill deficits can be identified and addressed before they impact later development C family functioning often declines as the developmental disorder progresses D children are more receptive to therapy when they are young 1 6 One of the most common reasons that children are referred for mental health services in the United States is A ADHD B autism C pervasive developmental disorder D stuttering 7 An individual diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder will always present with A hyperactive behavior that alternates with periods of distraction B patterns of inattention or C both patterns of inattention D periods of distraction that lead to hyperactive impulsive behavior hyperactivity impulsivity hyperactivity impulsivity and 8 What are the two DSM IV symptom clusters for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 9 Which of the following is the most likely reason for a child to be referred for mental health treatment A hyperactivity and impulsivity B inattention and distraction C D impulsivity and distraction inattention and hyperactivity impulsivity ADHD A Tourette s Syndrome B C obsessive compulsive disorder D bipolar disorder 10 Which of the following is not characteristic of ADHD self control A inattention B learning disabilities C D fidgeting The inattention cluster of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms is characterized by 11 careless mistakes A B fidgeting C not waiting one s turn to answer questions D all of these 2 13 In order to diagnose an individual with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder it is necessary symptoms to be present in for 12 The diagnosis of ADHD is comparable across countries A B more common in girls than boys C most common in the U S D decreasing over time A both symptom clusters B the hyperactivity cluster C the area of impulsivity D either of the symptom clusters A oppositional defiant disorder B bipolar disorder C conduct disorder D the above all of A conduct disorders B mood disorders C substance abuse D all of the above 14 Which of the following often overlaps with ADHD 15 ADHD tends to occur in families with increased rates of 16 Two alternative reasons that have been proposed to explain why children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD have problems with academics are A ADHD symptoms directly inhibit school performance or a brain deficit associated with ADHD inhibits academic ability B ADHD symptoms directly inhibit school performance or social difficulties make school a negative experience for children with ADHD C social difficulties make school a negative experience for children with ADHD or a brain deficit associated with ADHD inhibits academic ability D dietary factors responsible for ADHD limit school performance or ADHD symptoms directly inhibit school performance 17 Children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tend to be A popular with other children because of their acting out B no more or less popular than other children C D uninterested in socialization unpopular with other children 3 18 Recent ADHD research has focused on endophenotypic correlates of 19 Which of the following is least likely to be associated with ADHD executive attention A B emotional control C extraverted characteristics D environmental factors dietary food additives A maternal alcohol consumption B C prenatal smoking D low birth weight 20 Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD tend to be unpopular with other children because of their ADHD behaviors A B brain deficits that lead to ADHD negatively influence the desire to socialize C children with ADHD are uninterested in socialization D teachers tend to stigmatize and isolate children with ADHD 21 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is estimated to occur in about BBBB percent of school age children A 2 B 4 C 6 D 10 22 The ratio of boys to girls for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is approximately A equal or 1 1 B 2 boys for every 1 girl C 4 boys for every 1 girl D almost entirely male with more than 10 boys for every girl 23 Which best describes the way attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD develops as children grow into adulthood A Children tend to outgrow ADHD B ADHD tends to evolve into more severe forms of pathology C Symptoms remain relatively stable throughout the life span for most individuals D Manifestations of ADHD tend to change over time but many problems often persist 4 24 When comparing data across countries the number of diagnosed cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is highest in the United States A B highest in all Western cultures C about the same across most countries D highest in Eastern cultures According to your text the reason that countries previously reporting lower rates of ADHD than those found in the United States are now finding rates of the disorder closer to the rate reported in the U S is 25 26 Neurotransmitters implicated in the cause of ADHD include all of the following EXCEPT improvements in diagnosis A B better parent education C the