CHAPTER 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1 Biology is the study of life 2 The characteristics that all living organisms possess are a The ability to reproduce b Growth c Metabolism d Interaction with its environment 3 Autotrophs make their own food heterotrophs get their food from other sources by eating other organisms Photoautotrophs get their energy from the sun 4 Atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs and organ systems organism species population community ecosystems biome biosphere An ecosystem includes all living things in that area 5 The cell theory is that everything composed of cells and the cell is the basic unit of structure in all organisms Scheidian and Schwan 6 Chlorophyll is a molecule The heart is an organ a A rabbit is an organism b An amoeba is an organism c A leaf is an organ d Planet earth is a biosphere e Tropical rainforest is an ecosystem f g The plants animals fungi plants and bacteria living in a pond are a community h Glucose is a molecule i Mitochondria is an organelle j A group of organisms that can breed with one another is a population k A coral reef is an ecosystem l A neuron is a cell 7 A species is a group of similar organisms that can breed together successfully 8 Scientists have named over 1 8 million species No it does not compare to the 100 million species on this planet 9 Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species a Species is the most extensive level domain is the fewest variations 10 A prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus and a eukaryotic cell does a Prokaryotic cells Domain Archaea and Bacteria b Eukaryotic cells Domain Eukarya 11 It includes three kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotes Plants produce their own food fungi absorb dissolved nutrients and we obtain food by ingestion 12 Natural Selection is essentially organisms who reproduced more successfully their traits are the traits that are most likely to be passed down a Differential Reproductive Success refers to the idea that those organisms best adapted to a given environment will be most likely to survive to reproductive age and have offspring of their own Organisms that are successful in their environments will be more likely to be successful in reproduction and therefore the better adapted organisms will reproduce at a greater rate than the less well adapted organisms CHAPTER 52 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1 Ecology The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment Environmentalism movement involving concerns for the environment and the improvement of the environment s health Biotic living factors Abiotic nonliving factors such as temperature light water and nutrients Environment the surroundings in which a person plant or animal lives and operates Biogeography the study of past and present distributions of individual species which provides a good starting point to understanding what limits geographic distributions Biome major life zones characterized by vegetation type in terrestrial biomes or by the physical environment in aquatic biomes 2 Organismal ecology includes the sub disciplines of physiological evolutionary and behavioral ecology concerned with how an organism s structure physiology and behavior meet the challenges posed by its environment a The mating behavior of the Great Blue Heron Population Ecology analyzes factors that affect population size and how and why it changes through time a The decline in the number of grizzly bears found in the Rocky Mountains Community ecology examines how interactions between species such as predation and competition affect community structure and organization a The predator prey interactions of the lynx and the snowshoe hare Ecosystem ecology emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the environment a How energy passes through the food web b The cycling of nitrogen between the atmosphere and organisms in a swamp Landscape ecology focuses on the factors controlling exchanges of energy materials and organisms across multiple ecosystems a How the forest ecosystem interacts with the river ecosystem that runs next to it Global ecology examines how the regional exchange of energy and materials influences the functioning and distribution of organisms across the biosphere 3 The actual range of a species is where the organism does live and the potential range of species is where the organism could live A species could fill its potential range by being transplanted by experiments 4 An exotic species is a species introduced into a new area where they do not occur naturally a nonnative species Example African honeybee zebra mussel 5 Biotic factors that can limit the distribution of a species are predation parasitism competition or disease 6 Two abiotic factors that seem to best predict the biome type found on a given terrestrial location are temperature and precipitation 7 Yes a single biome type can be found at more than one location on the planet 8 The sun causes an uneven heating of the earth Earth s curved shape causes latitudinal variation in the intensity of sunlight Because sunlight strikes the tropics most directly more heat and light per unit of surface area are delivered there At higher latitudes sunlight strikes Earth at an oblique angle and thus the light energy is more diffuse on Earth s surface 9 We have seasonal changes in climate due to Earth s tilted axis of rotation and its annual passage around the sun 10 Tropical rainforests are typically located close to the equator because the high temperatures in the tropics evaporate water from earth s surface and cause warm wet air masses to rise and flow toward the poles The rising air masses release much of their water content creating abundant precipitation in tropical regions 11 Desert biomes are typically found at 30 degrees latitude because they are on the other end of the wet air masses that comes from the tropics Once the air mass drops all the precipitation over the tropics the descending air mass is dry and absorbs moisture 12 Cool air flows inland from the water on the windward side up the mountain and releases precipitation so the leeward side does not receive any precipitation The rain shadow can create a desert on the back side of a mountain range 13 The Northeast trade winds originate in the northeast 14 May be cold or warm but get less than 25 cm precipitation per year Desert Characterized by low growing plants a permafrost and very low precipitation Tundra Receives 25 70 cm of precipitation year experiences freezing