Lecture 16 Editing creates feeling 11 05 Cutting vs not cutting give characters room to breathe but also sometimes necessary for the flow Life of American Fireman in the end same scene repeated form interior and exterior parallel editing would be used today Cinema is sculpting in time Tarkovsky the foundation of film art is editing Pudovkin film as art unique aspects is our ability od jumble things and cut away to certain things Without editing what do we get Surveillance footage basically Purpose and function of editing cut down action in space time 1 2 Create meaning and multiple perspectives 3 Establish rhythm 4 Cover mistakes conceal stunts The editing process 1 Takes 2 Circled takes 3 Scene 4 Dailies and rough cut 5 Work print 6 Answer print 7 Final edit 8 Release print Types of edits Jump cut bad continuity but tend to see and notice it bc it s jarring 1 Straight cut 2 Match cut cutting on action shot A man gets cup shot B close up of drinking it 3 4 Fades out and in black to colors 5 Focus out and in 6 Iris out and in early film technique rarely used now circle on screen gets larger or shrinks 7 Dissolve from one shot to another lay shot B over shot A like time has passed 8 Wipe Kurosawa Star Wars 9 Cutaway insert action cutaway to insert shot like a close up and cut back to action Pudovkin Russian early 20th century A plus B does not equal AB A plus B equals C synthesis third meaning Kuleshov same face with different shots that it cuts to defines what you think the face means Theories of Film Editing Two actions taking place at the same time Two actions taking place different spaces at the same time parallel editing Montage Lecture 17 11 10 The Battleship Potemkin Basic for any action film cut away from something right when you think it s going to happen North by Northwest Hitchcock 1959 Think about editing Length of shots Repetition of shots Types of edits all straight cuts cutting on action no jumps and cutting on action so it has a seamless flow sounds Martha Marcy May Marlene Unique about editing style jumps to different scenes during another scene Relationship between plot and editing style shows parallel between places 2001 A Space Odyssey jump cut of 4mil years time and location Really a match cut bc it s not that jarring action of bone dropping to action of ship in space Are those two shots linked thematically Once hominids had the ability to create tools it changed everything spaceship is just another tool so now it s a thematic cut Editing continuity editing avoiding disjuncture in time space playing with time flashbacks and forwards superimpositions have one image put one over it double exposure Timing and rhythm through shot length Sound in Film Ability as a filmmaker to stretch the scene shows you what you can t see Invention 1877 edison phonograph first recording of sound 1895 edison film first marriage of sound to film 1927 first feature length sound film The Jazz Singer Biology first sense to develop is hearing Considerations lack of sensory incompleteness unlike other art forms once sound was married to film hasn t changed too much since 1927 sound is all we need Sound roles in cinema sound designer or supervising sound editor is in charge of the post production sound of a movie Sometimes this may involve great creative license and other times it may simply mean working with the director and editor to balance the sound to their liking sound editor the sound editor is responsible for assembling and editing all the sound effects in the soundtrack foley artists record fun movement effects that you can t get on set that easily difference between sound designer movement effects or object effects that they can act out like walking etc where sound editor will do explosions etc can be more convenient and cheap cover up unwanted sound on set create sound where there is none not convincing enough punches or guns etc construction of fantasy Star Wars Audio is very important but often overlooked work with audio separately EQ equalization frequency like pitch content of any sound source music dialogue etc Want to fill a box that is good equalization not a ton of overlapping frequency content cut dialogue below 100hz and above 10khz Make room for dialogue Film audio tips record clean dialogue Shoot for a dead recording with little room tone for VO and ADR Room tone reverb can always be added in post Get rid of background noise use a pop filter avoid mouth sounds Stay hydrated Chapstick Very difficult to remove in post make clean edits Record a wild track 1 min of room sound Cut on zero crossing Mix record on the best monitors you can afford Reference on headphones and cheap speakers Lecture 18 Range and types of sounds Four types of sounds in film 1 dialogue vocals 2 sound effect 3 music 4 silence dead sound room tone phases of making sound 11 12 1 you have to make that sound somehow 2 how you record it what microphone what s it proximity to action etc 3 mix it we have less of a tolerance for sound when it s scratchy or hard to hear rather than hard to see hard more tolerable bc we re used to registering a lot at one diegetic sound the source is visible on screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of film sounds that character and audience usually can both hear or they are able to hear non diegetic sound whose source is not present or implied in the narrative universe music that plays narration not always but usually effects action that doesn t make sound but has a sound put in for it Automated Dialogue Replacement ADR Looping When you have people redo their lines in the studio bc sound wasn t caught they messed up or it sounded weird Digital manipulations take human voice and tweak it to be ghostly etc MOS without sound Foley recreating sounds in studio 1 practical make the actual sound 2 dramatize makes a better sound than the real thing 3 ethical can t take a beer bottle and break it over a head so recreate it Transitions in sound editing have straight cut overlapping or dissolve two different sounds overlapping then sound bridge sound from next scene comes into scene we re watching to keep pace and create a smooth transition Atmosphere and mood visually looks heavy uncomfortable the music is diegetic bc it sounds far off but is all heavy and unhappy like the scene Eraserhead David Lynch 1977 Mickeymousing the sound or music is providing a literal equivalent to the action scene in King Kong when film crew is discovered by natives and footsteps