Psychology Exam 5 Chapter 13 Social Psychology 1 Intimacy emotional component closeness warmth sharing Sternberg s triangular theory of love a b Passion motivational force intensity desire sexual c Commitment cognitive component decisions i Romantic Love intimacy passion ii Companionate Love intimacy commitment iii Consummate Love intimacy passion commitment or desires are the happiest relationships 2 Course of Romantic Love a Theory predicts strength of components vary over time b Typical patter of successful romantic relationship i Passion peaks and intensity decreases ii Intimacy and commitment increases over time c Relationships can change categories 3 Marriage Divorce Remarriage d Relationships where both people are getting what they want when real life expectations a People are optimistic about marriage b 90 of people get married 40 45 of people get divorced 75 of people get remarried c Reasons for divorce i Men Women communication problems basic unhappiness incompatible ii Women report more infidelity alc abuse by partners physical emotional abuse d Divorce generally occurs before the first 10 years no proven reliable predictors of marital success e Social Trends with higher divorce rates socially accepted separate incomes easier legal 4 Divorce rate is higher for the second marriage at 65 for third marriage 75 5 6 Divorce Kids John Gottman may need to fix things 1st work on grow the positives a About of divorces involve kids 30 40 kids by 16 b Divorce associated with increased problems with kids Emotional Intelligence 1 Emotional Intelligence powerful predictor of who does well in life a Reflects ability to know manage own emotions behaviors and to connect with others b We can teach emotional IQ especially if we start early c Daniel Goleman expanded ideas of Salovey and Mayer 2 Various studies like candy study can predict later circumstances more friends better grades less jail less teen pregnancies 3 Goleman Chapter 13 Personality 1 Personality the unique constellation of traits emotions motive and behaviors assumption that these are general consistent stable predictable over time and situation 2 Four theoretical perspectives of personality a Psychoanalytic personality reflects unconscious forces conflicts focus on childhood b Behavioristic personality including thought patterns and beliefs consists of learned c Humanistic focus on what makes us human feelings need for personal growth freedom issues experiences responses or habits of choice d Trait Perspectives most agree biological attempts to describe personality characteristics and predict future behavior less focus on development recognize role of biology and environment i All are right 50 of personality is inherited 3 4 Trait consistent way to think feel or behave a Surface Traits easily seen in outward actions shy easily over stimulated dislike crowds b Source Traits more basic underlie surface traits form core of personality introversion i The Big Five source traits 5 The Big Five independent can have any combination of scores any mix of high low 32 types a Openness i High independent imaginative likes variety ii Low conforming practical likes routine b Conscientiousness i High careful disciplined organized ii Low careless impulsive disorganized c Extraversion i High talkative fun loving sociable ii Low quiet sober retiring withdrawn d Agreeableness i High sympathetic kind appreciative ii Low fault finding cold unfriendly competitive e Neuroticism i High tense anxious insecure ii Low stable calm secure 6 a Id raw unconscious energy and desire largest part of the personality yet it is blocked from view pleasure principle b Ego develops out of a need to deal with reality mostly conscious rational logical mediates between reality id and superego reality principle c Superego last to develop acts as a moral center internalized ideals ego ideal part of containing standards for moral behavior conscience part that produces pride or guilt depending on how well behavior matches ego ideal i Defense Mechanisms attempts to minimize tension by distorting or denying reality 1 Denial refuse to recognize threat 2 Projection think your unacceptable thoughts belong to others 3 Rationalization make up acceptable excuse for unacceptable behavior 4 Displacement direct threatening feelings into less threatening target Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders 1 Criteria used to determine whether a disorder is present a Deviance deviates from accepted expected b Maladaptive Behavior everyday functioning impaired c Personal Distress persons report of internal experience i Do you need all 3 No but many disorders qualify as more than 1 2 Cannot tell by looking at someone if they have a psychological disorder 3 a Diagnosis assign a label to a cluster of symptoms b Etiology cause c Prognosis probably outcome length severity recur d Prevalence how common 4 DSM IV TR manual of psychological disorders and their symptoms tells you what label goes with the different clusters of symptoms more than 250 disorders 17 major categories Intern Syndrome over identify with disorder you learn about you think you have them seek a consult if in doubt 5 6 a How many a year any disorder b How many a lifetime any disorder 22 35 50 7 Most common disorders Depression anxiety substance abuse 8 What causes psychological disorders In most cases it is believed t be a combination of biological including genetic factors social factors personal factors and environmental factors bio psycho social model genetic factors stronger for some disorders than others 9 a Anxiety Disorders excessive or unrealistic anxiety fear i Generalized Anxiety Disorder feeling of dread impending doom cause may follow stressor difficult childhood can predispose therapy medication various therapies ii PTSD trauma reactions can be general or specific now or delay often trauma can lead to PTSD but increase anxiety depression etc iii Specific Phobia irrational persistent fear of object or situation leads to avoidance iv Social Phobia fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation v Panic Disorder panic attack sudden onset of intense dread and anxiety with multiple physical symptoms often think fear dying occur frequently enough to cause difficulty adjusting to life vi OCD obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing compulsions b Mood Disorders major depression bipolar disorder i Major Depression ii Bipolar Disorder severe mood swings
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