Acids Bases and Aqueous Equilibrium Exam Study Guide 1 Conjugate acid base pairs HA A Not H2A A 2 Composition of acid solutions Strong acids deprotonate completely HAinitial H3O Follow stoichiometry ex 1 1 have equal conc 1 2 has double conc 14 pH pOH 10E 14 H OH 3 pH of an acidic solution Weak acids use equilibrium table Ka 10 pKa x 2 initial x Use approx of initial x initial when x 5 Strong acids deprotonate completely pH of solution is log acid 4 Percentage ionization of a weak acid ionization H HA 100 H 10 pH 5 pH of acid base and salt solutions Base pH 7 Acid pH 7 Acids proton donors usually have H Bases proton acceptors include NH3 NH2 NaOH Ca OH 2 Neutral salts singly and doubly charged cations Na K Mg2 Ca2 Conjugate bases of strong acids Cl Br I NO3 ClO4 6 Composition of a weak acid solution Weak acid does not fully deprotonate HA H3O Ka H3O A HA High pKa very weak most soln remains in acid form HA and little deprotonated to A since HA A Ka H3O 7 pH of acid base and salt solutions Weak acid strong base pKa half equivalence point double for equivalence point basic pH 7 weak acid water treat as dilution weak acid strong acid strong acid dominates weak acid conjugate salts slightly acidic 8 Comparative strengths of acids Low pKa strong acid Greater oxygen stronger Greater EN stronger Cl strongest I weakest 9 pH changes for acid base reactions CB weak acid basic pH increases Ka constant 10 Preparation of buffer solutions H3O and OH 11 Acid base titration weak base strong acid acidic eq point 12 Interpretation of acid base titration curves A Diprotic acid and strong base pKa2 6 3 B weak acid and strong base C weak acid and strong base D weak base strong acid E diprotic base strong acid Weak base and strong acid Initial B Buffer B HB Stoichiometric point HB 13 Species generated during acid base titration Weak acid and strong base Initial HA Buffer HA A Stoichiometric point A 14 Solubility equilibria problem PbI2 Pb2 2I Q I 2 Pb2 0 004 2 2 0 004 2 8E 9 K 1 4E 8 K Q no reaction 15 Calculation of a solubility product 1 1 ksp s 2 1 2 ksp 4s 3 1 3 ksp 27s 4 2 3 ksp 108s 5
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